Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side. Colors and design based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I, but the meanings of the colors are expressed as follows: red signifies the struggle for freedom, white is the color of peace, light, and love, black represents the people of Sudan (in Arabic ‘Sudan’ means black), green is the color of Islam, agriculture, and prosperity.

Flag courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Map courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Google Earth

Pyramids of the Kushite rulers at Meroe.

Photo courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Government

According to Britannica, since independence in 1956, Sudan has witnessed several constitutions and regime changes, including military coups in 1985, 1989, and 2019. The country’s 2005 interim constitution was suspended after the April 2019 coup. Later that year, the military and an alliance of civilian groups known as the Forces for Freedom and Change (FFC) signed a constitutional declaration that outlined a power-sharing agreement between the two sides and provided a road map for governing the country until a democratically elected government could be installed, with elections expected to be held in 2022.

Under the constitutional declaration, a transitional Sovereignty Council composed of five military and six civilian members was established. A military general was chosen to lead the council for the first 21 months, after which a civilian would lead. A prime minister, chosen by the FFC, appointed a cabinet, candidates for which were selected from a list proposed by the FFC, other than two who were appointed by military leaders on the council. A legislative assembly of no more than 300 members was provided for but not immediately formed.

A military coup in October 2021 led to the dissolution of the Sovereignty Council. Expected elections were pushed back to July 2023. The military formed a new Sovereignty Council, led by a general, in November 2021 that later reinstated the previous prime minister but did not include any FFC members and was not supported by them or many other civilian groups and political parties.

For administrative purposes, Sudan is divided into 18 states. Each state is administered by a governor.

Civil justice is administered through the Supreme Court, appeals courts, and courts of first instance. There is also a Constitutional Court.

Civil / National Aviation Authority (CAA/NAA)

Sudan Civil Aviation Authority (SCAA) is responsible for air safety, air transport, air navigation, and aviation security.

Airspace

SkyVector – Google Maps – ADS-B Exchange

ICAO countries publish an Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). This document is divided into three parts: General (GEN), En Route (ENR) and Aerodromes (AD). ENR 1.4 details the types of airspace classes they chose to adopt from classes A through G. New Airspace Announcement

Drone Regulations

Currently, there is no legal framework for the use of drones.

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)

Short Essay Questions