Red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band.

Five white points representing the 5 pillars of Islam on the hoist side.

Flag courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Map courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Google Earth

The Durrat Al Bahrain complex is featured in this image photographed from the International Space Station. Set at the southern end of Bahrain Island, at the furthest point from the cities of the kingdom, is this complex of 15 artificial islands designed for residential living and tourism with luxury hotels and shopping malls. Aimed at a cosmopolitan clientele, the Durrat Al Bahrain includes 21 sq km (8 sq mi) of new land for more than 1,000 residences that has been designed as The Islands (six crescent-shaped “atolls” leading off five fish-shaped “petals”). The Crescent at the bottom of the ring is the heart of the complex and features shops, restaurants, hotels, apartments, offices, and schools. The Central Island is dedicated to one, ultra-luxurious hotel. The three, thick, crescent-shaped islands at the lower left make up the Durrat Marina; the area between the Marina and the Crescent is a golf course.

Photo courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Government

According to Britannica, since the 18th century, the head of the Āl Khalīfah, the country’s ruling family, has taken the title emir. The constitution promulgated in 2002 established Bahrain as a constitutional hereditary monarchy whose head of state is now titled king. Under the new constitution the executive is composed of a prime minister, who is head of government, and a Council of Ministers, all of whom are appointed by the king. The legislative branch consists of two houses: a 40-member Consultative Council that is also appointed by the king and a 40-member Chamber of Deputies that is elected by universal adult suffrage. Members of both deliberative bodies serve terms of four years. An earlier constitution (1973) created a National Assembly composed of appointed members and others elected by popular vote, but after a period of labour unrest and political agitation the assembly was dissolved by the emir in 1975. Public representation thereupon reverted to the traditional Arab and Islamic system of a majlis (council), through which citizens and other residents presented petitions directly to the emir. In 1993 the emir created the Consultative Council, to which the first women were appointed in 2000.

Bahrain’s legal system is based on Islamic law (Sharīʿah) and English common law. The highest court in the country is the High Civil Appeals Court, and there are separate courts for members of Sunni and Shiʿi sects. When the royal family faced growing unrest in the 1990s from protesters, predominantly Shiʿi Muslims calling for a restoration of the constitution, a special court was established to prosecute dissenters.

Civil / National Aviation Authority (CAA/NAA)

The Civil Aviation Affairs (CAA) is responsible for developing and regulating the Kingdom of Bahrain’s aviation industry. The CAA regulates and issues air transportation and navigation, airworthiness, and other technical directives that apply to all aircraft flying into or out of the Kingdom of Bahrain. As part of its regulatory role, the CAA also serves as the governing body for setting laws and regulations related to aviation issues and is responsible for ensuring that all stakeholders comply and commit to all regulations and meet obligations. The CAA also assumes responsibility for the issuing of licenses /permits and certification for various activities including aircraft registration, personnel licenses, aircraft operations, and airline schedules. The CAA is also responsible for providing meteorological services including weather reports and forecasts as well as meteorological information.

Airspace

SkyVector – Google Maps – ADS-B Exchange

ICAO countries publish an Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). This document is divided into three parts: General (GEN), En Route (ENR) and Aerodromes (AD). ENR 1.4 details the types of airspace classes they chose to adopt from classes A through G. Bahrain eAIP

Drone Regulations

Operation of UAVs

Article 62 – “(3) Unmanned aircraft may operate in the territory of the State only upon authorization by the Civil Aviation Affairs.”

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)

Short Essay Questions