16 Dominican Republic
A centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles – the top ones are ultramarine blue (hoist side) and vermilion red, and the bottom ones are vermilion red (hoist side) and ultramarine blue. A small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by a laurel branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross. Above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon. In the shield a bible is opened to a verse that reads “Y la verdad nos hara libre” (And the truth shall set you free). Blue stands for liberty, white for salvation, and red for the blood of heroes.
Flag courtesy of the CIA World Factbook
The ruin of Hospital San Nicolás de Bari, in the Colonial City of Santo Domingo, was built by order of Governor Nicolas de Ovando between 1503 and 1508. It was the first hospital and church built from stone in the Americas; it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The hospital, a combination of Gothic and Renaissance architecture, operated from 1522 until the mid-18th century.
Photo courtesy of the CIA World Factbook
Government
According to Britannica, the Dominican Republic is a representative democracy whose current constitution was promulgated in 2010. The constitution, like its numerous predecessors, provides for civil and economic rights and divides the branches of government. It also allows a president, who is head of state and government, to invoke emergency powers to supersede the legislative and judicial branches. Dominicans have had universal suffrage since 1942. Citizens aged 18 and older may vote in elections unless they are members of the armed forces or the police. The president is directly elected to a four-year term. Reelection is permitted, and in 2015 the constitution was amended to allow consecutive terms. The bicameral legislature is composed of a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies; members of both houses are directly elected to four-year terms and may be reelected. The 32-member Senate is composed of one representative from each province and one from the National District. The size of the Chamber of Deputies is proportional to the population, but there are no fewer than two representatives from each province and two from the National District.
Following Rafael Trujillo’s dictatorship (1930–61), political life during the late 20th century largely revolved around two men: Joaquín Balaguer, a moderate who held presidential office for a total of three decades, and Juan Bosch Gavino, who led the leftist Dominican Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Dominicano; PRD) until 1973, when he formed the Dominican Liberation Party (Partido de la Liberación Dominicana; PLD). At the turn of the 21st century, Balaguer’s Social Christian Reformist Party (founded 1963) continued to vie with the PRD, the PLD, and several smaller parties. Beginning in 2010, however, the PLD became the dominant force in both houses, and the Social Christian Reformist Party became more marginalized. In 2014 prominent members of PRD left that party to form the Modern Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Moderno; PRM).
The country is divided into 31 provinces (provincias) and 1 National District (Distrito Nacional), the site of Santo Domingo. The central government administers the provinces through governors appointed by the president. Each province is subdivided into municipalities (municipios) that elect their own councils and have some local autonomy.
The legal system is based on the Napoleonic Code. A nine-member Supreme Court is the final court of appeal. The Senate appoints Supreme Court justices, who in turn appoint judges to lower courts, which include courts of appeal and provincial, municipal, commercial, and land courts. The constitution of 2010 provides for a Constitutional Tribunal to rule on constitutional matters. Separate military tribunals hear cases involving members of the armed forces. The constitution stipulates the independence of the judiciary; however, the president and other members of the government have frequently influenced court decisions. Public confidence in the judicial system has long been undermined by corruption, the inadequate legal training of some judges, and the routine preemptive detention of suspected criminals. As is the case in some other Latin American nations, the vast majority of prisoners are held without a trial, sometimes for years.
Instituto Dominicano de Aviacion Civil (IDAC)
Instituto Dominicano de Aviacion Civil (IDAC) is an autonomous State agency charged with the provision of air traffic services within the Santo Domingo Flight Information Region. On behalf of the government, IDAC regulates and promotes civil aviation within the Dominican Republic, as well as services relevant to national air traffic management, aeronautical information management and communication navigation and surveillance.
Airspace
SkyVector – Google Maps – ADS-B Exchange
ICAO countries publish an Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). This document is divided into three parts: General (GEN), En Route (ENR) and Aerodromes (AD). ENR 1.4 details the types of airspace classes they chose to adopt from classes A through G. Dominican Republic AIP
Drone Regulations
Regulations are called Dominican Aeronautical Regulations (RAD). The RAD 48 deal with Registration and Labeling Requirements for Small Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems, whereas RAD 107 deals with Small Remote Piloted Aircraft Systems. Here is a study guide for Drone Users.
RAD 107 is translated below!
RAD 107 Translated into English by Google
Translations
Translations of any materials into English are intended solely as a convenience to the public and are not legally binding. The author has merely attempted to provide a Google translation of the original material to English for convenience. Due to the nuances in translating to a foreign language, several differences may exist so before using for any work or pleasure please have the document translated by a professional service!
DOMINICAN AERONAUTICAL REGULATIONS
REMOTELY OPERATED SMALL AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
(Small RPAS)
RAD 107
Section A – General
107.1 Applicability
a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this subsection, this RAD applies to any natural or legal person interested in the operation of RPAS, it also applies to the certification of aeronautical personnel and the operation of small aircraft remotely piloted (operated) civilians within the airspace of the Dominican Republic.
b) This RAD does not apply to the following:
1) Air operator operations;
2) Other aircraft subject to the provisions of RAD 101;
3) Any other way that the pilot in command chooses through a resolution that the Director General has issued, other than those specified under “Section D on Exemptions”.
4) State aircraft operation.
107.3 Definitions
The following definitions apply to this RAD. If there is a conflict between these definitions in this regulation and the definitions specified in RAD 1, the definitions in this regulation take control for the purposes of this RAD.
Remote Pilot Certificate. Means the document issued by the Director General that grants to an aeronautical personnel of foreign nationality, the right to exercise the same privileges that are given to the holder of a license issued in compliance with the requirements prescribed in this regulation, except that they cannot exercise activities for compensation or pay.
Corrective lenses: they are eyeglasses or contact lenses.
Remote Pilot License. Means the document issued by the Director General that grants a person of Dominican nationality the right to exercise the privileges granted to the holder of a license issued in compliance with the requirements prescribed in these regulations.
Visual Observer. A trained and competent person, who through visual observation of the remotely piloted aircraft, assists the remote pilot in the safe conduct of the flight. Remote Pilot. See definition in RAD 1.
RPA. See definition in RAD 1.
Small RPA. Means a small remotely piloted aircraft that is piloted from a remote piloting station and whose takeoff weight is less than 55 pounds (25 kg), including anything on board or otherwise attached to the aircraft.
Small RPA System (RPAS). Means a small remotely piloted aircraft, its associated remote piloting station(s), the required command and control links, and any other components as specified in the type design.
Time of flight — remotely piloted aircraft systems. Total elapsed time from the moment a command and control (C2) link is established between the remote pilot station (RPS) and the small remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) for takeoff purposes or from the moment the remote pilot is given control after the handoff until such time as the remote pilot completes the handoff or the C2 link between the RPA and RPAS is terminated at the end of the flight.
VLOS. Direct visual visibility.
107.5 Falsification, Reproduction or Alteration
a) No person shall make or cause to be made:
1) Any fraudulent or intentionally false record or report required, kept, or used to demonstrate compliance with any requirement under this RAD.
2) Any reproduction or alteration, for fraudulent purposes, of any license or certificate, rating, authorization, registration, or report under this RAD.
b) The commission by any person of an act prohibited under paragraph (a) of this subsection is grounds for any of the following:
1) Denial of an application for a small RPA remote pilot license or certificate or an exemption license or certificate.
2) Suspension or revocation of any license, certificate or exemption issued by the Director General under this RAD and carried by that person; or
3) An administrative sanction.
107.7 Inspection, testing and demonstration of compliance
a) A pilot in remote control, owner, or person who manipulates the flight controls of a small remotely piloted aircraft system, must, upon request, make available to the Director General:
1) The license or certificate that qualifies him as a remote pilot with a Small Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (Small RPAS) rating; and
2) Any other document, record or report required to be maintained under this RAD.
b) The remote pilot, visual observer, owner, operator, or person manipulating the flight controls of a remotely piloted aircraft must, upon request, allow the Director General to make any test or inspection of the aircraft system. small remotely controlled aircraft, the remote pilot in command, the person who manipulates the flight controls of a small remotely piloted aircraft system, and, if applicable, the visual observer to determine compliance with this RAD.
107.9 Reporting of accidents and incidents
No later than 10 calendar days after an operation that meets the criteria of paragraph (a) or (b) of this subsection, a pilot in command must report to the IDAC, any operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft that involves at least:
a) Danger of collision with another aircraft due to its proximity in flight;
b) Serious injury or loss of consciousness to any person; or
c) Damage to any property, except to the small remotely piloted aircraft, unless one of the following conditions is met:
1) The cost of the repair (including materials and labor) does not exceed RD$25,000; or
2) The fair market value of the property does not exceed RD$25,000 in the event of a total loss.
107.11 Small RPA license validation
a) General. Except as provided in subsection 107.13 of these regulations, for aeronautical personnel of Dominican nationality, a person who holds a foreign RPA remote pilot license that is valid and issued by a foreign contracting country of the 1944 International Civil Aviation Convention, may apply for and be issued a small RPA remote pilot license with the appropriate ratings when the application is based on a foreign RPA remote pilot license that meets the requirements of this subsection. The validated license issued by the IDAC will remain in force as long as it does not exceed a term greater than 12 calendar months from the date of its issuance or as long as it is not canceled, restricted, expired or otherwise disabled by the issuing State.
b) License issued. A Dominican validated small RPA remote pilot license that has been issued under this subsection shall specify the person’s foreign license number and the country of issuance. The person who holds a valid foreign RPA remote pilot license, and issued by a foreign Contracting Country of the Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944, must be issued a small RPA remote pilot license based on the license of foreign RPA remote pilot without having to demonstrate any skill provided that the applicant:
1) Meets the requirements of this subsection;
2) Holds a foreign RPA remote pilot license that:
i) Is not under an order of cancellation or suspension by the foreign country that issued the foreign pilot license;
ii) Does not currently have a Dominican pilot’s license; and
iii) Comply with the provisions of subsection 107.87 (b).
c) Limitations and operating privileges. A person who is authorized to hold a small RPA validated remote pilot license that has been issued under the provisions of this subsection:
1) Must act as a small RPA remote pilot in accordance with the limitations and privileges established in this RAD;
2) she is limited to the privileges placed on the license by the IDAC;
3) she will not perform activities for compensation or pay;
4) Shall not exercise the privileges of that Dominican small RPA remote pilot license when that person’s foreign RPA pilot license has been canceled or suspended.
d) Limitations on license used as a basis for a Dominican license. A foreign RPA remote pilot license can only be used as a basis for issuance of a validated small Dominican RPA remote pilot license. The foreign RPA remote pilot license used as the basis for issuing a small RPA remote pilot license under this subsection must be written in the Spanish and English languages or accompanied by a transcript of the Spanish and English languages that has been signed. by an officer or representative of the foreign aviation authority that issued the foreign RPA remote pilot license.
e) Limitations placed on a Dominican private pilot license. A Dominican small RPA remote pilot license issued under this subsection is valid only when the holder is in personal possession of the foreign RPA remote pilot license on the basis of which the Dominican license was issued.
f) Any person holding a validated license that has expired due to expiration of the period prescribed in paragraph (a) of this subsection, must request the validation of said license again, complying with the applicable requirements of this subsection.
107.13 Conversion of RPA remote pilot license for Dominican citizens.
Conversion of RPA remote pilot license to aeronautical personnel of Dominican nationality, holder of a Foreign RPA remote pilot license. When so requested, any person of Dominican nationality who is the holder of an RPA distance pilot license, who has obtained it in a foreign Contracting Country of the International Civil Aviation Convention of 1944, will be issued said document as long as it complies with the following requirements:
a) Holds a foreign RPA remote pilot license that is not under an order of cancellation or suspension by the country that issued the pilot license;
b) Comply with the provisions of subsection 107.87 (b);
c) Submit the flight book, or other pertinent document that records the aeronautical experience of him;
d) Except for aeronautical personnel holding a Dominican license, have satisfactorily passed a written and oral evaluation on the aeronautical system of the Dominican Republic, in the following aspects:
1) Dominican airspace (AIP); and
2) Dominican Aeronautical Regulations (RAD 107).
e) Any request to obtain the conversion of a foreign RPA remote pilot license under this subsection must be made in accordance with the format, process and required documentation established by the Director General.
107.21 Applicability
This section applies to the operation of all remotely piloted small aircraft systems that are subject to this RAD and other requirements established by the Director General in format, process and documentation.
107.23 Requirements for a remote pilot license or certificate with a small RPAS rating.
a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this subsection, no person shall operate the flight controls of a small remotely piloted aircraft system unless:
1) That person holds a pilot license or certificate distance with a small RPA rating issued pursuant to Section “C” of this RAD and meets the requirements of subsection 107.93; or
2) That person is under the direct supervision of a remote pilot in command, who has the ability to immediately take direct control of the flight of the small remotely piloted aircraft.
b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this subsection, no person may act as a remote pilot in command unless such person holds a remote pilot license or certificate with a small RPA rating, issued by in accordance with Section “C” of this RAD and that meets the requirements of subsection 107.93.
c) The Director General may, in accordance with international regulations, authorize an aeronautical personnel to operate a foreign-registered small remotely piloted civil aircraft without a remote pilot license or certificate with a small RPAS rating.
107.25 RPA Registration
Every owner/operator of an RPA not larger than 55 lb (25 kg) must register it with the IDAC National Aircraft Registry Department, as prescribed in RAD 48.
107.27 Responsibility for the airworthiness of the RPAS
a) The operator of the small RPA is responsible for the maintenance and conservation of airworthiness, and must be able to demonstrate at all times that the aircraft piloted at distance and its associated systems (RPAS) retain the airworthiness conditions with which they were manufactured. In addition, the operator must comply with any continuing airworthiness requirements declared mandatory by the manufacturer. For these purposes, the operator must establish a data registration system relating to:
1) The flights performed and the flight time.
2) Deficiencies that occurred before and during the flights, for analysis and resolution.
3) Significant security-related events, and
4) Inspections and maintenance actions and replacement of parts carried out.
107.29 Conditions for safe operation
a) No person shall operate a small remotely piloted civil aircraft unless it is in safe operating condition. Before each flight, the remote pilot in command must check the small remotely piloted aircraft to determine if it is in safe operating condition.
b) No person shall continue the flight of a small remotely piloted aircraft when he or she knows or has reason to know that the small remotely piloted aircraft is no longer in a condition for safe operation.
107.31 Medical Condition
No person shall manipulate the flight controls of a small remotely piloted aircraft or act as a remote pilot-in-command, visual observer, or direct participant in the operation of the small remotely piloted aircraft if he or she knows or has reason to know. that he or she has a physical or mental condition that could interfere with the safe operation of the small remotely piloted aircraft.
107.33 Pilot-in-Remote
a) A pilot-in-remote must be designated before or during the flight of the small remotely piloted aircraft.
b) The remote pilot in command is directly responsible and is the final authority for the operation of the small remotely piloted aircraft system.
c) The pilot in command must ensure that the small remotely piloted aircraft does not represent any danger to other people, aircraft, or other property in the event of loss of control of the aircraft for any reason.
d) The remote pilot in command must ensure that the operation of the small remotely piloted aircraft complies with all applicable regulations of this RAD.
e) The remote pilot in command must have the ability to direct the small remotely piloted aircraft to ensure compliance with the applicable provisions of this RAD.
107.35 In-flight emergency
a) In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the remote pilot may deviate from any rule of this ADR to the extent necessary to deal with that emergency.
b) Each remote controlled pilot who deviates from a rule under paragraph (a) of this subsection must submit to the Director General a written report of that deviation.
107.37 Dangerous Operations No person shall:
a) Operate a small remotely piloted aircraft system in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another; or
b) Dropping an object from a small remotely piloted aircraft in a manner that may create an undue hazard to persons or property on the surface.
107.39 Operation from a moving vehicle or aircraft
No one shall operate a small remotely piloted aircraft from:
a) A moving aircraft; or
b) From a vehicle moving on land or through water unless the small remotely piloted aircraft is flown over a sparsely populated area and is not carrying someone else’s property for compensation or pay.
107.41 Alcohol or drugs
A person who manipulates the flight controls of a small remotely piloted aircraft or who acts as a pilot in command or as a visual observer, must comply with the provisions of the RAD, subsections 91.17 and 91.19.
107.43 Daytime Operation
a) No person shall operate a small remotely piloted aircraft at night.
b) No person shall operate a small remotely piloted aircraft during periods of civil twilight unless the small remotely piloted aircraft has anti-collision lighting turned on visible for at least 5 kilometers. The pilot in command at distance should reduce the intensity of the anti-collision lighting if it determines that, due to operating conditions, it would be in the interest of safety to do so.
c) For the purposes of paragraph (b) of this subsection, morning and evening civil twilight means the following: 1) Subtract and add 32 minutes to the times of sunrise and sunset, respectively.
107.45 Operation of the aircraft in direct visual visibility (VLOS)
a) With vision not aided by any device other than corrective lenses, the remote pilot in command, the visual observer (if used) and the person who manipulates the flight control of the small remotely piloted aircraft must be able to see the small RPA throughout the flight to:
1) Know the location of the small remotely piloted aircraft;
2) Determine the attitude, altitude, and direction of flight of the small remotely piloted aircraft;
3) Observe the airspace for any other air traffic or hazard; and
4) Determine that the small remotely piloted aircraft does not endanger the life or property of another.
b) During the entire flight of the small remotely piloted aircraft, the capability described in paragraph (a) of this subsection must be exercised by:
1) The remote pilot in command and the person manipulating the flight system controls of the small remotely piloted aircraft; or
2) A visual observer.
107.47 Visual Observer
If a visual observer is used during the operation of the Small RPA, all of the following requirements must be met:
a) The remote pilot in command, the person operating the controls of the Small RPAS, and the visual observer must maintain effective communication with each other at all times.
b) The remote pilot in command must ensure that the visual observer can see the small remotely piloted aircraft in the manner specified in 107.43.
c) The remote pilot in command, the person operating the small remotely piloted aircraft system flight controls, and the visual observer shall coordinate to do the following:
1) Scan the airspace where the small remotely piloted aircraft is operating for any potential collision hazard; and
2) Be aware of the position of the small remotely piloted aircraft through direct visual observation.
107.49 Multiple Operation of Small Remotely Piloted Aircraft
A person may not operate or act as remote pilot-in-command, or visual observer in the operation of more than one small remotely piloted aircraft at the same time.
107.51 Carriage of dangerous goods
A small remotely piloted aircraft must not carry dangerous goods. For the purposes of this subsection, the term dangerous goods is defined in RAD 1 and RAD 18.
107.53 Operation near aircraft; right-of-way rules
a) All small remotely piloted aircraft must yield to all other aircraft, airborne vehicles, and launch or re-entry vehicles. Giving right of way means that the small remotely piloted aircraft must give way to any aircraft or airborne vehicle and must not go over, under, or in front of them unless it is safe and well clear.
b) No person shall operate a small remotely piloted aircraft so close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard.
107.55 Operation over persons
No person shall operate a small remotely piloted aircraft over a person unless that person:
a) Is directly involved in the operation of the remotely piloted aircraft; or
b) Is located under a covered structure or within a parked vehicle that can provide reasonable protection from a falling small remotely piloted aircraft.
107.57 Operation in certain airspaces
Except for Class “G”, no person shall operate a small remotely piloted aircraft in the space classes established in the Dominican Republic unless that person has prior authorization from the Operations Department of the Flight Standards Directorate and in coordination with Air Traffic Control (ATC).
107.59 Operation in the Vicinity of Aerodromes
No person shall operate a small remotely piloted aircraft in a manner that interferes with operations and traffic patterns at any aerodrome within a radius of 5 nautical miles (9 kilometers).
107.61 Operation in prohibited or restricted areas
No person should operate a small remotely piloted aircraft in prohibited or restricted areas, unless that person has permission from the Operations Department of the IDAC Flight Standards Directorate.
107.63 Flight restrictions in the vicinity of certain areas designated by NOTAMS
A person acting as remote pilot in command must comply with the provisions of the RAD, subsections 91.126, 91.129, 91.133, and 91,137, 91.139, and 91.145.
107.65 Pre-flight familiarization, inspection, and actions for the operation of the aircraft Before the flight, the pilot in remote control must:
a) Evaluate the operating environment, considering the risks to people and property in the immediate vicinity both on the surface like in the air. This evaluation should include:
1) local climatic conditions;
2) local airspace and any flight restrictions;
3) The location of people and goods on the surface; and
4) Other hazards on land.
b) Ensure that all persons directly involved in the operation of small remotely piloted aircraft are informed of operating conditions, emergency procedures, contingency procedures, roles, responsibilities, and potential hazards;
c) Ensure that all control links between the ground control station and remotely piloted aircraft are working properly;
d) If the small remotely piloted aircraft is operating on power, ensure that sufficient power is available for the small remotely piloted aircraft system to operate for the entire expected flight time; and
e) Ensure that any object attached to or carried by the small remotely piloted aircraft is secure and does not adversely affect the flight characteristics or controllability of the aircraft.
107.67 Operating limitations for small remotely piloted aircraft.
A remote pilot in command and another person who manipulates the flight controls of the small remotely piloted aircraft system must comply with all of the following operating limitations when operating such aircraft:
a) The ground speed of a small remotely piloted aircraft distance may not exceed 87 knots (100 miles per hour).
b) The altitude of a small remotely piloted aircraft must not be greater than 400 feet (122 meters) above ground level, unless the remotely piloted aircraft:
1) Is flown within a radius of 400 feet (122 meters) of a structure; and
2) Do not fly more than 400 feet (122 meters) above the highest part of the immediate structure.
c) The minimum flight visibility, when observed from the location of the control station, must not be less than 3 statute miles. For purposes of this subsection, flight visibility means the mean slope distance from the control position at which prominent unlit objects can be seen and identified by day and prominent illuminated objects can be seen and identified at night.
d) The minimum distance between small remotely piloted aircraft and clouds must not be less than:
1) 500 feet (152 meters) below the cloud; and
2) 2,000 feet (610 meters) horizontally from the cloud.
107.69 Third Party Civil Liability on the Surface
a) All RPAS weighing between 0.55 lb (0.25 kg) and 55 lb (25 kg), inclusive, must have coverage for damage to third parties on the surface that covers the following:
1) A minimum of USD$2,000.00 (two thousand dollars of the United States of America) or its equivalent in local currency, when the maximum takeoff weight is greater than 4.4 lb (2.0 kg).
2) A minimum of USD$2,000.00 (two thousand dollars of the United States of America) or its equivalent in local currency, when the maximum takeoff weight is between 0.55 lb (0.25 kg) and less than 4.4 lb (2.0 kg), when it is performing operations for compensation or payment.
3) A simple Sworn Declaration of Joint and Several Responsibility, when the maximum takeoff weight is greater than 0.55 lb (0.25 kg) and less than 4.4 lb (2.0 kg) whenever it is performing recreational operations.
107.81 Applicability
This section prescribes the requirements for issuing a remote pilot license or certificate with a small remotely piloted aircraft (small RPA) rating and other requirements established by the Director General in format, process, and documentation.
107.83 Crimes related to alcohol or drugs
a) A conviction for the violation of any article of the Penal Code related to the cultivation, processing, manufacture, sale, storage, possession, transportation or importation of psychoactive substances justifies:
1) Denial of a request for a remote pilot license or certificate with a small RPAS rating for a period of up to 3 years after the sentence acquires the authority of irrevocably res judicata; or
2) Suspension or cancellation of a remote pilot license or certificate with a small RPAS rating, as prescribed in ADR 20.
b) Commission of a prohibited act under ADR 91, subsections 91.17 and 91.19 (a), justifies:
1) Denial of an application for a remote pilot license or certificate with a small RPAS rating for a period of up to 3 years after the sentence acquires the authority of irrevocably res judicata; or
2) Suspension or cancellation of a remote pilot license or certificate with a small RPAS rating, as prescribed in RAD 20.
107.85 Refusal to submit to an alcohol test or to provide test results
The refusal to submit to a test to indicate the percentage by weight of alcohol in the blood, when requested by a competent authority in accordance with the RAD, subsection 91.17( c), or a refusal to provide or authorize the delivery of the proof of the results requested by the IDAC Director, in accordance with the RAD, subsection 91.17(c) or (d), justify:
a) The denial of a request remote pilot license or certificate with a small RPAS rating for a period of up to one (1) year after the date of such denial; either
b) Suspension or cancellation of a remote pilot certificate with a small RPAS rating in the manner prescribed in RAD 20.
107.87 Eligibility
Subject to the provisions of subsections 107.83 and 107.85 of this RAD, to be eligible for a remote pilot license or certificate with a small RPAS rating for small remotely piloted aircraft under this Section, a person must:
a) Be at least 18 years of age;
b) Complete an initial training course approved by the IDAC, which covers the knowledge areas specified in subsection 107.103(a) and (107.103(b), for recurrent) in an acceptable manner.
c) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the Spanish language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, the CAA may place such operating limitations on that applicant’s certificate as necessary for the safe operation of the small remotely piloted aircraft;
d) Ignore or have reason to ignore that you have a physical or mental condition that could interfere with the safe operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft; and
e) Demonstrate aeronautical knowledge by satisfying one of the following conditions:
1) Pass an initial aeronautical knowledge test covering the knowledge areas specified in subsection 107.101(a), or;
2) If the person holds a pilot license (other than a student pilot license) issued under RAD 61 and meets the flight review requirements specified in RAD 61, subsection 61.56, he or she must complete an initial training course that covers the knowledge areas specified in subsection 107.103(a) in a manner acceptable to the IDAC.
107.89 Issuance of a remote pilot license or certificate with a small RPAS rating
An applicant for a remote pilot license or certificate with a small RPAS rating issued under this RAD must make the application in a form and manner acceptable to the IDAC.
a) The application must include either:
1) Evidence showing that the applicant passed an initial aeronautical knowledge test. If the request was made in writing, this evidence must include an aeronautical personnel written test report showing that he or she passed the knowledge test; or
2) If the person holds a pilot license (other than a student pilot license) issued under RAD 61, and meets the flight review requirements specified in RAD subsection 61.56, and a certificate of completion the initial training of this RAD.
b) If the request is made in accordance with paragraph (a)(2) of this subsection:
1) The request must be submitted to the Department of Aeronautical Licensing through an IDAC Transparency and Citizen Attention (TAC) office.
2) The Department of Aeronautical Licensing will verify the application in accordance with the manner and formats established by the Director General; and,
3) The person submitting the application must demonstrate that the applicant complies with the flight review requirements specified in the RAD, subsection 61.56, through the endorsement of the flight logbook or another form acceptable to the IDAC.
107.93 Recent Aeronautical Knowledge
A person shall not operate a small remotely piloted aircraft unless that person has completed within the preceding 24 calendar months one of the following:
a) Pass an initial aeronautical knowledge test covering the specified knowledge areas in subsection 107.101(a);
b) Pass a recurrent aeronautical knowledge test covering the knowledge areas specified in subsection 107.101(b); or
c) If a person holds a pilot license or certificate (other than a student pilot license or certificate) issued under RAD 61 and meets the flight review requirements specified in RAD subsection 61.56, he or she must pass a course initial or recurrent training covering the knowledge areas specified in subsection 107.103(a) or (b) in a manner acceptable to the Director.
107.95 Knowledge Tests: General Procedures and Passing Score
a) Knowledge tests prescribed by or under this subsection are administered by persons in the manner designated by the Director General.
b) The applicant for a knowledge test must present proof of having been summoned for the knowledge evaluation.
c) The Director will specify the minimum passing grade for the knowledge test.
107.97 Knowledge Checks: Tricks or Other Unauthorized Conduct
a) An applicant for a knowledge check may not:
1) Intentionally copy or remove any knowledge check;
2) Give to another applicant or receive from another applicant any part or copy of a knowledge test;
3) Giving or receiving assistance in a knowledge test during the period in which the test is being administered;
4) Taking any part of a knowledge test on behalf of another person;
5) Being represented by, or representing another person for a knowledge test;
6) Use any material or aid during the period in which the test is carried out, unless expressly authorized by the Director General; and
7) Intentionally causing, assisting, or participating in any act prohibited by this subsection.
b) An applicant deemed by the Director General to have committed an act prohibited by paragraph (a) of this subsection is barred, for one year after the date of commission of such act, from:
1) Applying for any certificate, qualification, or authorization issued under this RAD; and
2) Request and take any tests under this RAD. c) Any certificate or qualification carried by an applicant may be suspended or canceled if the Director General finds that said person has committed an act prohibited by paragraph (a) of this subsection.
107.99 Retest After Failing
A knowledge test applicant who fails a test may not reapply for fourteen (14) calendar days after failing.
107.101 Initial and recurrent knowledge tests
a) An initial aeronautical knowledge test covers the following knowledge areas:
1) Applicable regulations related to privileges, limitations and flight operations of remotely piloted aircraft;
2) Airspace classification, operational requirements and flight restrictions that affect the operation of remotely piloted aircraft;
3) Aviation weather sources and weather effects on remotely piloted aircraft performance;
4) air cargo in remotely piloted aircraft;
5) Emergency procedures;
6) Crew resource management;
7) Radio communication procedures;
8) Determine the performance of piloted aircraft at distances;
9) Physiological effects of drugs and alcohol;
10) decision making and aeronautical judgement;
11) Airport operations; and
12) Maintenance inspection and testing procedures.
b) A recurrent test on aeronautical knowledge covers the following knowledge areas:
1) Applicable regulations related to privileges, limitations and flight operations of remotely piloted aircraft;
2) Airspace classification and operational requirements and flight restrictions that affect the operation of remotely piloted aircraft;
3) Emergency procedures;
4) Crew Resource Management (CRM);
5) Decision making and aeronautical judgment;
6) Airport operations; and
7) Maintenance inspection and prior control procedures.
107.103 Initial and recurrent training courses
a) An initial training course covers the following areas of knowledge:
1) Applicable regulations related to privileges, limitations and flight operations of remotely piloted aircraft systems;
2) Effects of meteorological conditions on the performance of remotely piloted aircraft;
3) Cargo of small remotely piloted aircraft;
4) Emergency procedures;
5) Crew Resource Management (CRM);
6) Determine the performance of piloted aircraft at distances; and
7) Maintenance and pre-flight inspection procedures.
b) A recurrent training course covers the following knowledge areas:
1) Applicable regulations related to privileges, limitations and flight operations of remotely piloted aircraft systems;
2) Emergency procedures;
3) Crew Resource Management (CRM); and
4) Maintenance and pre-flight inspection procedures.
107.105 Change of name or address
a) Change of name. An application to change the name on a license or certificate issued under this subsection must be accompanied by:
1) Small RPAS-rated remote pilot license or certificate; and
2) A copy of the marriage certificate, court ruling or other document that verifies the name change.
b) The documents in paragraph (a) of this subsection will be returned to the applicant after inspection.
c) Change of address. The holder of a remote pilot certificate with a small RPAS rating issued under this section who has made a change in permanent mailing address may not exercise the privileges of the license or certificate unless the holder has notified IDAC of the change in the address you use by one of the following methods:
1) By letter to the Department of Aeronautical Licenses (DLA) of the IDAC, providing the new permanent mailing address, or if the permanent mailing address includes a mailbox number, then the owner’s current residential address; or
2) When using the IDAC website, provide the new permanent mailing address, or if the permanent mailing address includes a post office box number, then include the holder’s current residential address.
107.107 Voluntary Surrender of License or Certificate
a) The holder of a license or certificate issued under this section may voluntarily surrender it for cancellation.
b) Any application made under paragraph (a) of this subsection must include the following signed statement or its equivalent: “I voluntarily relinquish my small RPAS-rated remote pilot license (or certificate) for cancellation. This application is done for my own reasons, with the full knowledge that my license (or certificate) will not be reissued to me unless I again meet the requirements specified in subsections 107.87 and 107.89.”
107.121 Exemption Policy and Requirements
a) The Director may issue an exemption certificate authorizing a deviation from any regulation specified in subsection 107.123 if he finds that the proposed operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft system can be safely conducted under the terms of that exemption certificate.
b) An application for an exemption certificate must contain a complete description of the proposed deviation and a justification that establishes that the operation can be carried out safely under the terms prescribed in article 55 of Law 491-06 and the RAD 22, subsection 22.35.
c) The Director may prescribe additional limitations that he deems necessary.
d) A person who receives a waiver certificate issued under this section:
1) May deviate from the regulations of this section to the extent specified in the waiver certificate; and
2) he must comply with the conditions or limitations that are specified in the exemption certificate.
107.123 List of regulations subject to exemption
An exemption certificate issued pursuant to subsection 107.121 may authorize a deviation from the following subsections or portions of this regulation:
a) Subsection 107.39 – Operation from a moving vehicle or aircraft. However, no waiver of this provision shall be given to permit the transportation of another person’s property by aircraft for compensation or pay.
b) Subsection 107.41 – Day Operation.
c) Subsection 107.43 – Operation of the aircraft with direct visual visibility (VLOS). However, no waiver of this provision shall be given to permit the transportation of another person’s property by aircraft for compensation or pay.
d) Subsection 107.45 – Visual observer.
e) Subsection 107.47 – Operation of multiple small remotely piloted aircraft.
f) Subsection 107.51(a) – Yielding the right of way.
g) Subsection 107.53 – Operation on people.
h) Subsection 107.55-Operation in certain airspaces.
i) Subsection 107.65 – Operating limitations for small remotely piloted aircraft
Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) Regulations & Policies
None found by the author.
However, should you, the reader, happen to stumble across something to the contrary, please email the author at FISHE5CA@erau.edu and you may be mentioned in the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS section of this book by way of thanks for contributing to this free eBook!
Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) News
None found by the author.
However, should you, the reader, happen to stumble across something to the contrary, please email the author at FISHE5CA@erau.edu and you may be mentioned in the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS section of this book by way of thanks for contributing to this free eBook!
Short Essay Questions
Question 1
You have been hired by a Drone Startup Company. Your boss has immediately assigned this job to you.
They need you to prepare a one-page memo detailing the legalities of using a drone in Santo Domingo, pictured above.
They need you to mention any national laws and local ordinances.
They specifically want to know what airspace (insert pictures) you will be operating in and whether or not you need an airspace authorization.
Does it matter whether or not you are a citizen of the country?
Lastly, there is a bonus for you if, as you scroll through this chapter, you find any typos or broken links!
Question 2
Do you need a certificate to fly UAS?
If so, how do you obtain one?
Are there fees associated with this?
If so, how much?
Question 3
May you operate beyond visual line of sight?
If so, what procedures must you follow?
Question 4
Does the country have UAM/AAM laws? If so, describe, citing the exact law.
Question 5
Are you aware of any new laws or policies not mentioned above? If so, describe, citing the exact law or policy.