Green field with a large red disk shifted slightly to the hoist side of center. The red disk represents the rising sun and the sacrifice to achieve independence. The green field symbolizes the lush vegetation of Bangladesh.

Flag courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Map courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Google Earth

Street market in Dhaka. Bangladesh is a shopper’s delight, especially for those who enjoy bargaining for goods. The country has a rich craft-making tradition, including items fashioned from wood, bamboo, silver, gold, brass, conch shell, cane, silk, jute, cotton, and leather.

Photo courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Government

According to Britannica, while Bangladesh’s constitution of 1972 specifies a parliamentary form of government under a prime minister and a president elected by a national assembly, its implementation has been interrupted by coups. In 1975 a military coup led to a regime of martial law, and, though the form of government that followed was a mixture of presidential and parliamentary systems, power effectively remained with the army. The country experienced additional upsets and periods of martial law in the 1980s, but in 1991 a parliamentary system was restored, with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government.

The parliament of Bangladesh, called the Jatiya Sangsad (House of the Nation), is a unicameral entity consisting of some 350 seats, most of which are filled through direct election. The remaining seats are reserved for women; these members are elected by the parliament itself. Legislators serve five-year terms. The parliament elects the president, who also serves a five-year term, with a two-term limit. The president then appoints the leader of the legislative majority party (or coalition) as prime minister.

Between the early 1980s and the early 1990s, local government in Bangladesh underwent a large-scale administrative reorganization to decentralize power. The resulting structure consisted of several major divisions, each of which was subdivided into a number of districts, called zila. These districts were parceled further into smaller units, called upz la and  thana. Bangladesh now consists of 8 divisions, more than 60 districts, and more than 500 upzila and thana. Villages, the smallest unit of government, numbered in the tens of thousands and were grouped into unions beneath the upzila and  thana.

Local government in both rural and urban regions is primarily in the hands of popularly elected executives and councils. Each division is headed by a commissioner. Executives at the district and thana levels are assisted by various professionals appointed by the national government, as well as by their elected councils.

Bangladesh has maintained essentially the same judicial system that was in operation when the territory was a province of Pakistan and that owes its origins to the system in operation under the British raj. The 1972 constitution divided the Supreme Court of Bangladesh into Appellate and High Court divisions and mandated a complete separation of the judiciary and executive branches of government. During the subsequent authoritarian regime, however, the power of the Supreme Court was greatly reduced. In 1977 a Supreme Judicial Council was established to draw up a code of conduct for Supreme Court and High Court judges, who may be removed from office by the president upon the council’s recommendation.

Judges from the High Court may go on circuit for a portion of the year to hear cases from lower courts in other parts of the country. Those lower courts include district courts, sessions courts, and several types of magistrate courts. The magistrate courts handle the vast majority of criminal cases.

Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB)

The Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) is responsible for safe, expeditious and efficient air traffic management. It provides various air traffic control services, communication and air navigation services. Aeronautical information services are also provided by CAAB. The meteorological services associated with air traffic movement is provided by Meteorological Department of Bangladesh.

Airspace

SkyVector – Google Maps – ADS-B Exchange

ICAO countries publish an Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). This document is divided into three parts: General (GEN), En Route (ENR) and Aerodromes (AD). ENR 1.4 details the types of airspace classes they chose to adopt from classes A through G.

Bangladesh AIP

Drone Regulations

AIR NAVIGATION ORDER (ANO) ON CAAB PART 947 and PART 945 (Drone/Unmanned Aerial System) Issue 1.0 15th of November 2021 DRAFT

CIVIL AVIATION CIRCULAR ON OPERATING REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (RPAS) Issue: 01 January 2019

Application for Special Flight Operations Certificate (SFOC) for the purpose of operating Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS)

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) Regulations & Policies

None found by the author.

However, should you, the reader, happen to stumble across something to the contrary, please email the author at FISHE5CA@erau.edu and you may be mentioned in the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS section of this book by way of thanks for contributing to this free eBook!

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) News

None found by the author.

However, should you, the reader, happen to stumble across something to the contrary, please email the author at FISHE5CA@erau.edu and you may be mentioned in the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS section of this book by way of thanks for contributing to this free eBook!

Short Essay Questions