A centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles – the top ones are ultramarine blue (hoist side) and vermilion red, and the bottom ones are vermilion red (hoist side) and ultramarine blue. A small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by a laurel branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross. Above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon. In the shield a bible is opened to a verse that reads “Y la verdad nos hara libre” (And the truth shall set you free). Blue stands for liberty, white for salvation, and red for the blood of heroes.

Flag courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Map courtesy of Wikipedia

Google Earth

The ruin of Hospital San Nicolás de Bari, in the Colonial City of Santo Domingo, was built by order of Governor Nicolas de Ovando between 1503 and 1508. It was the first hospital and church built from stone in the Americas; it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The hospital, a combination of Gothic and Renaissance architecture, operated from 1522 until the mid-18th century.

Photo courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Government

According to Britannica, the Dominican Republic is a representative democracy whose current constitution was promulgated in 2010. The constitution, like its numerous predecessors, provides for civil and economic rights and divides the branches of government. It also allows a president, who is head of state and government, to invoke emergency powers to supersede the legislative and judicial branches. Dominicans have had universal suffrage since 1942. Citizens aged 18 and older may vote in elections unless they are members of the armed forces or the police. The president is directly elected to a four-year term. Reelection is permitted, and in 2015 the constitution was amended to allow consecutive terms. The bicameral legislature is composed of a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies; members of both houses are directly elected to four-year terms and may be reelected. The 32-member Senate is composed of one representative from each province and one from the National District. The size of the Chamber of Deputies is proportional to the population, but there are no fewer than two representatives from each province and two from the National District.

Following Rafael Trujillo’s dictatorship (1930–61), political life during the late 20th century largely revolved around two men: Joaquín Balaguer, a moderate who held presidential office for a total of three decades, and Juan Bosch Gavino, who led the leftist Dominican Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Dominicano; PRD) until 1973, when he formed the Dominican Liberation Party (Partido de la Liberación Dominicana; PLD). At the turn of the 21st century, Balaguer’s Social Christian Reformist Party (founded 1963) continued to vie with the PRD, the PLD, and several smaller parties. Beginning in 2010, however, the PLD became the dominant force in both houses, and the Social Christian Reformist Party became more marginalized. In 2014 prominent members of PRD left that party to form the Modern Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Moderno; PRM).

The country is divided into 31 provinces (provincias) and 1 National District (Distrito Nacional), the site of Santo Domingo. The central government administers the provinces through governors appointed by the president. Each province is subdivided into municipalities (municipios) that elect their own councils and have some local autonomy.

The legal system is based on the Napoleonic Code. A nine-member Supreme Court is the final court of appeal. The Senate appoints Supreme Court justices, who in turn appoint judges to lower courts, which include courts of appeal and provincial, municipal, commercial, and land courts. The constitution of 2010 provides for a Constitutional Tribunal to rule on constitutional matters. Separate military tribunals hear cases involving members of the armed forces. The constitution stipulates the independence of the judiciary; however, the president and other members of the government have frequently influenced court decisions. Public confidence in the judicial system has long been undermined by corruption, the inadequate legal training of some judges, and the routine preemptive detention of suspected criminals. As is the case in some other Latin American nations, the vast majority of prisoners are held without a trial, sometimes for years.

Instituto Dominicano de Aviacion Civil (IDAC)

Instituto Dominicano de Aviacion Civil (IDAC) is an autonomous State agency charged with the provision of air traffic services within the Santo Domingo Flight Information Region. On behalf of the government, IDAC regulates and promotes civil aviation within the Dominican Republic, as well as services relevant to national air traffic management, aeronautical information management and communication navigation and surveillance.

Airspace

SkyVector – Google Maps – ADS-B Exchange

ICAO countries publish an Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). This document is divided into three parts: General (GEN), En Route (ENR) and Aerodromes (AD). ENR 1.4 details the types of airspace classes they chose to adopt from classes A through G.

Dominican Republic AIP

Drone Regulations

Drone Regulations

Regulations are called Dominican Aeronautical Regulations (RAD).

RAD 48 deal with Registration and Labeling Requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.

RAD 107 deals with Unmanned Aircraft Systems.

Here is a study guide for Drone Users.

RAD 107 is translated below!

RAD 107 Translated into English by Google

a) This RAD applies to any natural or legal person interested in the operation of the unmanned aircraft (UAS).

Likewise, it applies to the certification of aeronautical personnel and operation of unmanned civil aircraft within the airspace of the Dominican Republic.

The following definitions apply to this RAD.

If there is a conflict between these definitions of this regulation and the definitions specified in RAD 1, the definitions of this regulations take control for the purposes of this RAD.

Remote Pilot Certificate. Means the document issued by the General Director that grants aeronautical personnel of foreign nationality the right to exercise the same privileges as are given to the holder of a license issued under compliance with the requirements prescribed in this regulation except that you cannot carry out activities for compensation or pay.

Corrective lenses: they are eyeglasses or contact lenses.

Remote Pilot License. Means the document issued by the General Director which grants a person of Dominican nationality the right to exercise the privileges granted to the holder of a license issued under compliance with the requirements prescribed in this regulation.

Visual Observer. A trained and competent person, who through observation visual of the remotely piloted aircraft, assists the remote pilot in safely carrying out the flight.

Remote pilot. See definition in RAD 1.

Small UA. It means an unmanned aircraft that is piloted from a station. piloted remotely and whose takeoff weight is less than 55 pounds (25 kg), including any anything on board or otherwise attached to the aircraft.

UA System (UAS). It is the system of an unmanned aircraft, its station or its related remote piloting stations, the required command and control links, and any other component as specified in the type design.

Time of flight — unmanned aircraft systems. Total time elapsed since the moment when a command and control link (C2) is established between the pilot station to distance and the unmanned aircraft (UA) for takeoff purposes or from the moment the remote pilot receives control after transfer until such time as the pilot remote completes the transfer or the C2 link between the UA and the system is terminated end the flight.

VLOS. Operation with direct visual visibility.

a) No person must do or cause to be done:

1) Any fraudulent or intentionally false registration or report required, which is stored or used to demonstrate compliance with any requirement under this RAD.

2) Any reproduction or alteration, for fraudulent purposes, of any license or certificate, qualification, authorization, registration or report under this RAD.

b) The commission by any person of an act prohibited under paragraph (a) of this subsection is basis for any of the following:

1) Denial of an application for a UAS remote pilot license or certificate.

2) Suspension or revocation of any license, certificate issued by the Director General under this RAD and carried by that person; either

3) An administrative sanction.

a) A remote pilot, owner, or person who manipulates the flight controls of an unmanned aircraft system, must, upon request, make available to the Director General:

1) The license or certificate that enables you as a remote pilot of an aircraft does not manned (UAS); and

2) Any other document, record or report that is required to be maintained under this RAD.

b) The remote pilot, the visual observer, the owner, the operator or the person manipulates the flight controls of an unmanned aircraft, must, upon request, allow the Director General make any test or inspection of the unmanned aircraft system, the remote pilot, the person who manipulates the flight controls of a flight system unmanned aircraft, and, if applicable, the visual observer to determine compliance with this RAD.

No later than 10 calendar days after an operation that meets the criteria of paragraph (a) or (b) of this subsection, a remote pilot must report to the IDAC, any operation of an unmanned aircraft that involves at least:

a) Danger of collision with another aircraft due to its proximity in flight;

b) Serious injury or loss of consciousness to any person; either

c) Damage to any property, except the unmanned aircraft, unless a of the following conditions:

1) The cost of repair (including materials and labor) does not exceed RD$25,000; either

2) The fair market value of the property does not exceed RD$25,000 in case of loss total.

a) General. Except as provided in subsection 107.13 of this regulation, for personnel aeronaut of Dominican nationality, a person who holds a remote pilot license of foreign UAS that is valid and issued by a foreign country contracting the International Civil Aviation Convention of 1944, you may request and be issued a UAS remote pilot license with appropriate ratings when the application is based on the foreign UAS remote pilot license that meets the requirements of this subsection. The validated license issued by the IDAC will remain valid while it is does not exceed a period greater than 12 calendar months from the date of its issuance or until is cancelled, restricted, or is expired or otherwise disabled by the issuing State.

b) License issued. A validated Dominican UAS remote pilot license that has been issued under this subsection, you must specify the number of the foreign license of the person and the country of issue. The person who holds a remote pilot license Foreign UAS in force, and issued by a foreign country Contracting to the Convention International Civil Aviation of 1944, you must be issued a remote pilot license of UAS based on the foreign UAS remote pilot license without having to prove any expertise provided that the applicant:

1) Meets the requirements of this subsection;

2) Holds a foreign UAS remote pilot license that:

i) Is not under a cancellation or suspension order by the foreign country that issued the foreign pilot’s license;

3) Does not currently hold a Dominican pilot license; and

4) Comply with the requirements of subsection 107.87 (b).

c) Limitations and operating privileges. A person who receives authorization to be the owner of a validated UAS remote pilot license that has been issued under the provisions of this subsection:

1) Must act as a remote UAS pilot in accordance with the limitations and privileges established in this RAD;

2) It is limited to the privileges put in the license by the IDAC;

3) Will not carry out activities for compensation or pay;

4) You will not exercise the privileges of that UAS remote pilot license Dominican Republic when that person’s foreign UAS pilot license has been canceled or suspended.

d) Limitations on license used as a basis for a Dominican license. A license foreign UAS remote pilot can only be used as a basis for issuing a Dominican UAS remote pilot license validated. Remote pilot license of foreign UAS used as a basis for issuing a remote UAS pilot license under This subsection must be written in the Spanish and English languages ​​or accompanied by a transcript of the Spanish and English languages ​​that has been signed by an official or representative of the foreign aviation authority that issued the UAS remote pilot license foreigner.

e) Limitations placed on a Dominican remote pilot license. A license Dominican UAS remote pilot issued under this subsection is valid only when the holder has in personal possession the foreign UAS remote pilot license based on the which the Dominican license was issued.

f) Any person holding a validated license that has expired due to the expiration of the period prescribed in paragraph (a) of this subsection, you must reapply for validation of said license, complying with the applicable requirements of this subsection.

Conversion of UAS remote pilot license to national aeronautical personnel Dominican, holder of a Foreign UAS remote pilot license.

When so request, any person of Dominican nationality who is the holder of a pilot’s license UAS distance, which has been obtained in a foreign Contracting country of the Convention International Civil Aviation of 1944, said document will be issued to you as long as meet the following requirements:

a) Holds a foreign UAS remote pilot license that is not under an order of cancellation or suspension by the country that issued the pilot’s license;

b) Comply with the requirements of subsection 107.87 (b);

c) Present the flight logbook, or other relevant document that records your experience aeronautics;

d) Except for aeronautical personnel holding a Dominican license, having passed satisfactorily complete a written and oral evaluation on the aeronautical system of the Republic Dominican, in the following aspects:

1) Dominican airspace (AIP); and

2) Dominican Aeronautical Regulations (RAD 107).

e) Any application to obtain the conversion of an RPA remote pilot license foreigner under this subsection, must be done in accordance with the format, process and documentation required that has been established by the Director General.

This section applies to the operation of all unmanned aircraft systems that are subject to this RAD and other requirements established by the Director General in format, process and documentation.

a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this subsection, no person shall tamper with the flight controls of an unmanned aircraft system unless:

1) That person holds a UAS remote pilot license or certificate issued in accordance with Section “C” of this RAD and meets the requirements of the subsection 107.93; either

2) That person is under the direct supervision of a remote pilot, who has the ability to immediately take direct control of the flight of the aircraft manned.

b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this subsection, no person may act as a remote pilot in command unless such person has a license or certificate UAS remote pilot certificate, issued in accordance with Section “C” of this RAD and that meets the requirements of subsection 107.93.

c) The Director General may, in accordance with international standards, authorize a aeronautical personnel to operate an unmanned civil aircraft of foreign registration without a UAS remote pilot license or certificate.

Every owner/operator of a UAS must register it with the Department of IDAC National Aircraft Registry, as prescribed in RAD 48.

a) The UAS operator is responsible for the maintenance and conservation of the airworthiness, and must be able to demonstrate at all times that the aircraft piloted distance and its associated systems (UAS) maintain airworthiness conditions with those that were manufactured. Additionally, the operator must comply with any requirements for maintenance of airworthiness declared mandatory by the manufacturer. For these purposes, The operator must establish a system for recording data relating to:

1) The flights made and the flight time.

2) Deficiencies that occurred before and during flights, for analysis and resolution.

3) Significant security-related events, and

4) Inspections and maintenance actions and replacement of parts carried out.

a) No person should operate an unmanned civil aircraft unless he or she is in safe operating conditions. Before each flight, the pilot in remote control must Check the unmanned aircraft to determine if it is in safe operating condition.

b) No person should continue the flight of an unmanned aircraft when he or she knows or has reason to know that the UAS aircraft is no longer in a safe operating condition.

No person should manipulate the flight controls of an unmanned aircraft or act as a remote pilot in command, visual observer or direct participant in the operation of the UAS aircraft if you know or have reason to know that he or she has a physical or mental condition that could interfere with the safe operation of the aircraft manned.

a) A remote pilot-in-command must be designated before or during the flight of the aircraft manned.

b) The remote pilot is directly responsible and is the final authority regarding the operation of the unmanned aircraft system.

c) The remote pilot in command must ensure that the UAS aircraft does not represent any danger to other people, aircraft or other property in the event of loss of control of the aircraft for any reason.

d) The pilot in remote control must ensure that the operation of the unmanned aircraft, comply with all applicable regulations of this RAD.

e) The pilot in remote control must have the ability to direct the unmanned aircraft to ensure compliance with the applicable provisions of this RAD.

a) In an emergency in flight that requires immediate action, the pilot in remote control may deviate from any rule of this RAD to the extent necessary to address that emergency.

b) Each remote pilot who deviates from a rule under paragraph (a) of this subsection must send to the Director General, a written report of that deviation.

No person must:

a) Operate an unmanned aircraft system in a careless or reckless manner so that endangers the life or property of another; either

b) Dropping an object from an unmanned aircraft in a way that could create a hazard undue harm to people or property on the surface.

No one should operate an unmanned aircraft from:

a) An aircraft in motion; either

b) From a vehicle moving on land or through water unless previously, when operator has been granted authorization from the IDAC Flight Operations Department, or that the UAS aircraft is flown over a sparsely populated area and does not carry property of another person for compensation or pay.

A person who manipulates the flight controls of an unmanned aircraft or who acts As a pilot in command or as a visual observer, you must comply with the provisions of the RAD, subsections 91.17 and 91.19.

a) No person should operate an unmanned aircraft at night, unless that person has prior authorization from the IDAC Flight Operations Department and in coordination with Air Traffic Control (ATC).

b) No person should operate an unmanned aircraft during periods of twilight civil unless the UAS aircraft has anti-collision lighting on visible so less than 5 kilometers. The pilot at the remote control must reduce the lighting intensity anti-collision if you determine that, due to operating conditions, it would be in the interest of the security to do so.

c) For purposes of paragraph (b) of this subsection, morning and evening civil twilight is refers to the following:

1) Subtract and add 32 minutes to the times of sunrise and sunset respectively.

a) With vision that is not assisted by any device other than corrective lenses, the remote control pilot, the visual observer (if used) and the person manipulating the Unmanned aircraft flight control must be able to see the UAS throughout the flight to:

1) Know the location of the unmanned aircraft;

2) Determine the attitude, altitude and direction of flight of the unmanned aircraft;

3) Observe the airspace for any other air traffic or hazards; and

4) Determine that the UAS aircraft does not endanger the life or property of another.

b) Throughout the flight of the unmanned aircraft, the capability described in paragraph (a) of This subsection must be exercised by:

1) The pilot in remote control and the person who manipulates the controls of the navigation system unmanned aircraft flight; either

2) A visual observer.

If a visual observer is used during UAS operation, all the following requirements:

a) The pilot in remote control, the person who manipulates the controls of the UAS and the observer visually, they must maintain effective communication with each other at all times.

b) The pilot in remote control must ensure that the visual observer can see the aircraft unmanned in the manner specified in 107.43.

c) The pilot in remote control, the person who manipulates the flight controls of the unmanned aircraft and the visual observer must coordinate to do the following:

1) Explore the airspace where the unmanned aircraft is operating for any potential collision hazard; and

2) Be aware of the position of the unmanned aircraft through observation direct visual.

A person may not operate or act as a remote pilot, or visual observer. in the operation of more than one unmanned aircraft at the same time, unless that person operates in swarm drone mode under a computerized program system telemetry (software), patented by the manufacturer and has prior authorization from the IDAC Flight Operations Department.

A UAS aircraft must not transport dangerous goods, unless previously, to the operator has been granted authorization from the Flight Operations Department of the IDAC and comply with the protocols and procedures established for the transport of this type of merchandise. For the purposes of this subsection, the term dangerous good is defined in RAD 1 and RAD 18.

a) All unmanned aircraft must give way to other aircraft, vehicles airborne and launch or re-entry vehicles. Giving right of way means that The unmanned aircraft must give way to any aircraft or airborne vehicle and must not go over, under or in front of them unless it is safe and okay clear.

b) No person should operate an unmanned aircraft as close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard.

No person shall operate an unmanned aircraft over a person unless that person:

a) Participate directly in the operation of the piloted aircraft at distances; either

b) Is located under a covered structure or inside a parked vehicle that can provide you with reasonable protection against a small remotely piloted aircraft that fall.

c) After presenting a risk management of the operation on people, and that the operator Obtain prior authorization from the IDAC Flight Operations Department.

Except for Class “G”, no person shall operate an unmanned aircraft in the space classes established in the Dominican Republic unless that person has prior authorization from the IDAC Flight Operations Department, and in coordination with the Air Traffic Control (ATC).

a) No person shall operate an unmanned aircraft in a manner that interferes with the operations and traffic patterns at any aerodrome, within a 5 nautical mile radius (9 kilometers).

b) No person shall operate an unmanned aircraft in Class D airspace or within of the lateral limits of the area of ​​airspace designated for an aerodrome, unless has prior authorization from the IDAC Flight Operations Department and in coordination with Air Traffic Control (ATC).

No person should operate an unmanned aircraft in prohibited or restricted areas, except unless that person has permission from the IDAC Flight Operations Department.

A person acting as a remote pilot must comply with the regulations of the RAD, subsections 91.126, 91.129, 91.133, and 91.137, 91.139, and 91.145.

Before the flight, the remote pilot must:

a) Assess the operating environment, considering the risks to people and property in the immediate vicinity both on the surface and in the air. This evaluation must include:

1) local climatic conditions;

2) local airspace and any flight restrictions;

3) The location of people and goods on the surface; and

4) Other dangers on land.

b) Ensure that all persons directly involved in the operation of the unmanned aircraft are informed about the operating conditions, the emergency procedures, contingency procedures, functions, responsibilities and potential dangers;

c) Ensure that all control links between the ground control station and the unmanned aircraft work correctly;

d) If the unmanned aircraft operates with power, ensure that there is sufficient power available for the UAS aircraft system to operate during the entire flight time provided; and

e) Ensure that any objects attached to or carried by the unmanned aircraft are safe and does not adversely affect the flight characteristics or controllability of the aircraft.

Unless special authorization or permission has been granted, no pilot to the unmanned aircraft command will operate without meeting the following operating limitations:

a) The ground speed of a small remotely piloted aircraft may not exceed 87 knots (100 miles per hour).

b) The altitude of a small remotely piloted aircraft must not be greater than 400 feet (122 mts) above ground level, unless the remotely piloted aircraft:

1) It is flown within a radius of 400 feet (122 meters) of a structure; and

2) Do not fly more than 400 feet (122 m) above the highest part of the immediate structure.

c) The minimum flight visibility, when observed from the location of the station control, it should not be less than 3 statute miles. For the purposes of this subsection, the flight visibility means the mean inclined distance from the control position at which Prominent unlit objects can be seen and identified by day and objects prominent illuminated lights that can be seen and identified at night.

d) The minimum distance between the small piloted aircraft at distances and the clouds should not be less than:

1) 500 feet (152 meters) below the cloud; and

2) 2,000 feet (610 meters) horizontally from the cloud.

a) All UAS weighing between 0.55 lb (0.25 kg) and 55 lb (25kg), inclusive, must have with coverage for damage to third parties on the surface that covers the following:

1) A minimum of USD$2,000.00 (two thousand dollars of the United States of America) or its equivalent in local currency, when the maximum takeoff weight is greater than 4.4 lb (2.0kg).

2) A minimum of USD$2,000.00 (two thousand dollars of the United States of America) or its equivalent in local currency, when the maximum takeoff weight is between 0.55 lb (0.25 kg) and 4.4 lb (2.0 kg), when it is carrying out operations for compensation or pay.

3) A simple Sworn Declaration of Joint and Several Liability, when the maximum weight of takeoff is greater than 0.55 lb (0.25 kg) and less than 4.4 lb (2.0 kg) as long as it is found carrying out recreational operations.

This section prescribes the requirements for issuing a pilot license or certificate to distance for unmanned aircraft (UAS) and other requirements established by the Director General in format, process and documentation.

a) A conviction for the violation of any article of the Penal Code related to the cultivation, processing, manufacturing, sale, storage, possession, transportation or import of psychoactive substances justifies:

1) Denial of an application for a UAS remote pilot license or certificate for a period of up to 3 years after the sentence acquires the authority of the thing irrevocably judged; either

2) Suspension or cancellation of a UAS remote pilot license or certificate according to as prescribed in RAD 20.

b) The commission of an act prohibited pursuant to RAD 91, subsections 91.17 and 91.19 (a), justifies:

1) Denial of an application for a UAS remote pilot license or certificate for a period of up to 3 years after the judgment acquires the authority of the thing irrevocably judged; either

2) Suspension or cancellation of a UAS remote pilot license or certificate according to as prescribed in RAD 20.

Refusal to submit to a test to indicate the percentage by weight of alcohol in the blood, when requested by a competent authority in accordance with the RAD, subsection 91.17(c), or a refusal to provide or authorize delivery of proof of results requested by the Director of the IDAC, in accordance with RAD, subsection 91.17(c) or (d), justify:

a) The denial of an application for a UAS remote pilot license or certificate by a period of up to one (1) year after the date of such denial; either

b) Suspension or cancellation of a UAS remote pilot certificate in the manner It is prescribed in RAD 20.

Subject to the provisions of subsections 107.83 and 107.85 of this RAD, to be eligible for a UAS remote pilot license or certificate for unmanned aircraft under this Section, a person must:

a) Be at least 18 years of age;

b) Complete an initial training course approved by the IDAC, which covers the areas of knowledge specified in subsection 107.103(a) and (107.103(b), for appellant) of a acceptable manner.

c) Be able to read, speak, write and understand the Spanish language. If the applicant cannot meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, the IDAC may place such operating limitations on that applicant’s certificate as necessary for the safe operation of the unmanned aircraft;

d) Ignore or have reasons to ignore that you have a physical or mental condition that could interfere with the safe operation of an unmanned aircraft; and

e) Demonstrate aeronautical knowledge by satisfying one of the following conditions:

1) Pass an initial aeronautical knowledge test that covers the areas of knowledge specified in subsection 107.101(a), or;

2) If the person holds a pilot license (other than a student license pilot) issued under RAD 61 and meets the flight review requirements specified in RAD 61, subsection 61.56, must complete a training course initial covering the knowledge areas specified in subsection 107.103(a) of a manner acceptable to IDAC.

An applicant for a UAS remote pilot license or certificate issued under this RAD must make the request in the form and manner acceptable to IDAC.

a) The request must include either:

1) Evidence that the applicant passed an initial knowledge exam aeronautical. If the request was made in writing, this evidence must include a report from the written examination of aeronautical personnel showing that he or she passed the knowledge; either

2) If the person holds a pilot license (other than a student license pilot) issued under RAD 61, and meets the flight review requirements specified in RAD, subsection 61.56, and a certificate of completion of the initial training of this RAD.

b) If the request is made pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of this subsection:

1) The application must be submitted to the Department of Aeronautical Personnel Licensing Aeronautical through a Transparency and Citizen Attention (TAC) office of the IDAC.

2) The Department of Aeronautical Licenses for Aeronautical Personnel will verify the application in accordance with the manner and formats that the Director General has established; and,

3) The person submitting the application must demonstrate that the applicant meets the flight review requirements specified in RAD, subsection 61.56, by means of flight log book endorsement or other form acceptable to IDAC.

A person must not operate an unmanned aircraft unless that person has completed within the previous 24 calendar months one of the following:

a) Pass an initial aeronautical knowledge test that covers the areas of knowledge specified in subsection 107.101(a);

b) Pass a recurring aeronautical knowledge test that covers the areas of knowledge specified in subsection 107.101(b); either

c) If a person is the holder of a pilot license or certificate (other than a license or student pilot certificate) issued under RAD 61 and meets the review requirements of flights specified in the RAD, subsection 61.56, must pass a training course initial or recurring that covers the knowledge areas specified in subsection 107.103(a) or (b) in a manner acceptable to the Director.

a) The knowledge tests prescribed by, or under this subsection, are given by persons in the manner designated by the Director General.

b) The applicant for a knowledge test must present proof of having been summoned for knowledge evaluation.

c) The Director will specify the minimum passing grade for the knowledge test.

a) The applicant for a knowledge test may not:

1) Intentionally copy or remove any evidence of knowledge;

2) Deliver to another applicant or receive from another applicant any part or copy of a knowledge test;

3) Give or receive assistance in a knowledge test during the period in which you are performing the test;

4) Taking any part of a knowledge test on behalf of another person;

5) Be represented by, or represent another person for a knowledge test;

6) Use any material or aid during the period in which the test is carried out, unless unless expressly authorized by the Director General; and

7) Intentionally causing, assisting or participating in any act prohibited by this subsection.

b) The applicant whom the Director General considers to have committed an act prohibited by the paragraph (a) of this subsection is prevented, for one year after the date of commission of said act, of:

1) Request any certificate, qualification or authorization issued under this RAD; and

2) Request and take any test under this RAD.

c) Any certificate or qualification carried by an applicant may be suspended or canceled if the Director General finds that such person has committed an act prohibited by paragraph (a) of this subsection.

A knowledge test applicant who fails a test cannot take it again. apply for it within fourteen (14) calendar days after failing.

a) An initial aeronautical knowledge test covers the following areas of knowledge:

1) Applicable regulations related to privileges, limitations and operations of unmanned aircraft flight;

2) Classification of airspace, operational requirements and flight restrictions that affect the operation of unmanned aircraft;

3) Aviation meteorological sources and effects of weather on aircraft performance unmanned aircraft;

4) air cargo by unmanned aircraft;

5) Emergency procedures;

6) Crew resource management;

7) Radio communication procedures;

8) Determine the performance of unmanned aircraft;

9) Physiological effects of drugs and alcohol;

10) aeronautical decision making and judgment;

11) Airport operations; and

12) Maintenance and verification inspection procedures.

b) A recurring test on aeronautical knowledge covers the following areas of knowledge:

1) Applicable regulations related to privileges, limitations and operations of flight of unmanned aircraft;

2) Classification of airspace and operational requirements and flight restrictions that affect the operation of unmanned aircraft;

3) Emergency procedures;

4) Crew Resource Management (CRM);

5) Decision making and aeronautical judgment;

6) Airport operations; and

7) Maintenance inspection and prior control procedures.

a) An initial training course covers the following areas of knowledge:

1) Applicable regulations related to privileges, limitations and operations of flight of unmanned aircraft systems;

2) Effects of meteorological conditions on aircraft performance manned;

3) Loading of small unmanned aircraft;

4) Emergency procedures;

5) Crew Resource Management (CRM);

6) Determine the performance of unmanned aircraft; and

7) Maintenance and pre-flight inspection procedures.

b) A recurrent training course covers the following areas of knowledge:

1) Applicable regulations related to privileges, limitations and operations of flight of unmanned aircraft systems;

2) Emergency procedures;

3) Crew Resource Management (CRM); and

4) Maintenance and pre-flight inspection procedures.

a) Name change. A request to change the name on a license or certificate issued under this subsection must be accompanied by:

1) UAS remote pilot license or certificate; and

2) A copy of the marriage certificate, court ruling or other document that verifies the name change.

b) The documents in paragraph (a) of this subsection will be returned to the applicant after the inspection.

c) Change of address. The holder of a UAS remote pilot certificate issued under this section who has made a change in the permanent postal address, will not be able to exercise the privileges of the license or certificate unless the holder has notified IDAC of the change at the address you use by using one of the following methods:

1) By letter to the Department of Aeronautical Licensing (DLA) of the IDAC, providing the new permanent mailing address, or if the permanent mailing address includes a post box number, then the holder’s current residential address; either

2) When using the IDAC website, provide the new permanent postal address, or if The permanent mailing address includes a mailbox number, so include the current residential address of the owner.

a) Name change. A request to change the name on a license or certificate issued under this subsection must be accompanied by:

1) UAS remote pilot license or certificate; and

2) A copy of the marriage certificate, court ruling or other document that verifies the name change.

b) The documents in paragraph (a) of this subsection will be returned to the applicant after the inspection.

c) Change of address. The holder of a UAS remote pilot certificate issued under this section who has made a change in the permanent postal address, will not be able to exercise the privileges of the license or certificate unless the holder has notified IDAC of the change at the address you use by using one of the following methods:

1) By letter to the Department of Aeronautical Licensing (DLA) of the IDAC, providing the new permanent mailing address, or if the permanent mailing address includes a post box number, then the holder’s current residential address; either

2) When using the IDAC website, provide the new permanent postal address, or if The permanent mailing address includes a mailbox number, so include the current residential address of the owner.

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) Regulations & Policies

None found by the author.

However, should you, the reader, happen to stumble across something to the contrary, please email the author at FISHE5CA@erau.edu and you may be mentioned in the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS section of this book by way of thanks for contributing to this free eBook!

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) News

2025

Video courtesy of Advanced Air Mobility Institute from the January 2025 Global AAM Forum. Complete session for Day 3 of this Forum is available on the Advanced Air Mobility Institute YouTube Channel

Short Essay Questions