Three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), white, and sky blue. Centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face (delineated in brown) known as the Sun of May. The colors represent the clear skies and snow of the Andes. The sun symbol commemorates the appearance of the sun through cloudy skies on 25 May 1810 during the first mass demonstration in favor of independence. The sun features are those of Inti, the Inca god of the sun.

Flag courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Map courtesy of Wikipedia

Google Earth

A bird’s eye view of Iguazu Falls on the Argentine-Brazil border.

Photo courtesy of the CIA World Factbook

Government

According to Britannica, Argentina is a federal union of 23 provincias and a federal capital district, the city of Buenos Aires. Federalism came to Argentina only after a long struggle between proponents of a central government and supporters of provincial interests. The constitution of 1853 was modeled on that of the United States. The constitution promulgated in 1994 provides for consecutive presidential terms (which had not been allowed previously), but few other changes distinguish it from the 1853 document; in its largely original form, the constitution has sustained Argentina with at least a nominal form of republican, representative, and federal government.

Executive power resides in the office of the president, who is elected with a vice president to a four-year term (only two terms can be consecutive). The president is commander in chief of the armed forces and appoints all civil, military, and federal judicial officers, as well as the chief of the Cabinet of Ministers, the body that oversees the general administration of the country. The Argentine legislature, or National Congress, consists of two houses: a 72-seat Senate and a 257-seat Chamber of Deputies. The Senate, whose members are elected to six-year terms, consists of three representatives from each province and the federal capital. The Chamber of Deputies, whose members are elected to four-year terms, is apportioned according to population.

Each province has its own government, with executive, legislative, and judicial branches similar to those of the federal government. The provinces retain all power not specifically reserved to the federal government in the constitution. Local government was nullified in 1966 and restored in 1973, only to be taken over again in 1976 by the military dictatorship. With the restoration of constitutional government in 1983, the provinces and municipalities once more exercised the authority of local government. Municipal governments vary in structure, but many towns and cities have elected mayors. The executive (jefe de gobierno) of Buenos Aires is directly elected to a four-year term and is eligible for immediate reelection.

The Argentine judicial system is divided into federal and provincial courts. The nine federal Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with approval of the Senate. Lower federal court judges are nominated by a Council of Magistrates and chosen by the president. Reforms begun in the 1990s addressed long-standing problems of inefficiency, corruption, and unfilled vacancies. There are federal courts of appeal in Buenos Aires and other large cities. The provincial justice system includes supreme courts, appellate courts, courts of first instance, and justices of the peace.

The judiciary has been criticized as inefficient and open to political influence, despite recent reforms. Among the persistent problems cited are arbitrary arrests, lengthy pretrial detentions, and harsh prison conditions. However, cases involving human rights abuses have received increasing attention since the 1980s. The government has designated a prisons ombudsman since 1993 to monitor conditions and recommend prison reforms.

The national prison system is directed by the Ministry of Justice. There are also separate provincial prisons. The number of prisoners in Argentina increased greatly in the 1990s, from roughly 21,000 to nearly 40,000, or to as many as 58,000 by some estimates. The rate of incarceration also increased rapidly. Pretrial detainees account for more than half of the prison population.

Ministry of Transport

The Ministry of Transport generates, executes, and manages a federal and egalitarian transportation policy, to connect and bring more opportunities to all people, in each region of Argentina.

National Civil Aviation Administration (ANAC)

The National Civil Aviation Administration (ANAC) regulates civil aviation activities throughout the Argentine territory.

Airspace

SkyVector – Google Maps – ADS-B Exchange

ICAO countries publish an Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). This document is divided into three parts: General (GEN), En Route (ENR) and Aerodromes (AD). ENR 1.4 details the types of airspace classes they chose to adopt from classes A through G. The Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) AIP Argentina of the Argentine Republic is published in accordance with the guidelines established by ICAO in its Annex 15. Excerpt of AIP Argentina to show airspace classification.

The Argentine Air Navigation Company (EANA SE) is a state company under the purview of the National Ministry of Transportation (Law 27,161). It arises as a need to complete the transfer of the SNA from Argentina to the civil sphere. They are the providers of the essential public air navigation service (PSNA) in the Argentine Republic and its jurisdictional waters. They operate in 54 airfields and airports and in 5 regional area control centers (ACC). They are the authority that implements, as a public policy, the planning, direction, coordination and administration of air traffic, telecommunications services and aeronautical information, facilities, infrastructures and communications networks of the air navigation system.

Argentina AIP

Drone Regulations

Regulation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems (SVANT) went into effect 31-12-2020.

ANAC Resolution No. 134/2022

Regulations in Spanish

ANAC Resolution No. 134/2022 extended the deadlines; establishing that before September 30, 2022, a Registry Technical Provision will regulate the requirements for registration in the National Aircraft Registry and that the documentation and procedures for the issuance of the UAV Operator Certificate (CEVANT) will be adapted.

According to the new regulations, those people who have Authorization as a Remote Crew Member (VANT), issued under Resolution No. 527/2015, can request the replacement of such authorization by the Remote Pilot Competence Certificate (VANT /SVANT). ANAC Resolution No. 134/2022 extended until October 22, 2022, the term for such replacement; date from which all authorizations that have not been replaced will loose validity, and their holders will not be able to request their replacement.

Process to obtain the Remote Pilot Competence Certificate

1. License application form, Certificate of Competence and/or ratings
2. Identification document.
3. 4×4 Color Photo.
4. Aeronautical Medical Certification.
5. Copy of the Authorization as a Remote Crew Member.
6. Proof of payment of the fee (only if the Plastic Card issuance is required)

The Remote Pilot Competence Certificates (VANT/SVANT) issued will be available in the Mi Argentina Application.

Model Aircraft Rules

VANT/SVANT (2020) Translated into English by Google

ARTICLE 1. – For the purpose of this regulation, in addition to the definitions established in the ARGENTINE CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS (RAAC), the terms and expressions indicated below have the following meaning:

Model aircraft: Apparatus or mechanism that can circulate in airspace, remotely controlled or driven by a radio control system (which actuates your servos directly) that operates in view of its operator and whose destination is exclusively recreational and/or sports.

Accident: Any event related to the use of an aerial vehicle not manned or unmanned aerial vehicle system that results in death or serious injury to a person, damage to third party property, damage or breakage structural features of the device or the disappearance or total inaccessibility of the device; that occurs between the time the device is ready for moving for the purpose of making a flight and the time at which it stops at the end of the flight and turns off its main propulsion system.

ANAC: National Civil Aviation Administration, which acts as aviation authority on the matter.

Authorization. It is a response from ANAC to a matter presented to it for your consideration. The authorization constitutes a finding or determination of compliance with relevant standards.

Operation Authorization: administrative instrument with which the operator you must count prior to the time of performing your operations.

UAV operator certification (CE-VANT): Instrument by which the ANAC issues an authorization to the operator, which enables it to carry out operations according to the specifications it contains.

Command and control link (C2): Data link between the aerial vehicle not manned and the remote piloting station for the purpose of directing the flight.

Controlled airspace: Airspace of defined dimensions within which Air Traffic Control Service is provided, in accordance with the airspace classification.

Segregated airspace: Airspace of certain dimensions assigned to specific users for their exclusive use.

Remote Piloting Station: Component of the system that contains the equipment which is used to pilot the unmanned aerial vehicle.

Operator: Person, organization or company that lawfully uses the UAV or SVANT on its own, with or without profit.

UAV/SVANT flight instructor: Holder of an authorization issued by the ANAC, which enables him to work as a UAV flight instructor or SVANTs.

Maintenance: Execution of the work required to ensure the operation safely from a UAV, which includes one or more of the following tasks: reconditioning, inspection, replacement of parts, rectification of defects and carrying out a modification or repair.

Dangerous goods: Any object or substance that may constitute a risk for health, safety, property, or the environment and is listed of dangerous goods of the Technical Instructions foreseen in the ICAO Document 9284 or is so classified in accordance with said Instructions.

Remote Crew Member: Crew member, holder of an authorization issued by ANAC, in charge of essential tasks for the operation of a remotely piloted aerial vehicle during the time of flight.

Night: The hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, or any other period between sunset and sunrise specified by the corresponding authority.

NOTE: Civil twilight ends in the evening when the center of the solar disk is 6° below the horizon and starts in the morning when the center of the solar disk is 6° above the horizon

Observer: A member of the remote crew who, by visual observation of the UAV or SVANT, helps the remote pilot in the safe conduct of the flight.

Autonomous operation: Operation during which the UAV operates without intervention of the pilot in command and without the latter having any possibility of intervening in real time in flight management.

Automatic operation: Operation during which the UAV operates without intervention of the pilot in command, who has the possibility of intervening to interrupt or modify the operation.

Line-of-sight operation (VLOS): An operation during which the pilot at the remote control maintains direct visual contact with the UAV without assistance from other remote crew members and up to a maximum of 200 meters in horizontal distance.

Remote View Operation (FPV): Operation where the pilot-in-command distance exclusively uses the camera on board the UAV/SVANT to navigate it.

Non-Line of Visibility Operation (BVLOS): An operation during which the pilot at the remote control does not maintain direct visual contact with the UAV.

Simultaneous operation: use of more than one UAV by the same station remote piloting.

Maximum Certified Take-Off Weight (MCTW): Maximum allowable weight of takeoff of the UAV or SVANT, in accordance with the specifications provided by the manufacturer or, in its absence, by what is established for that equipment by the aviation authority.

Remote pilot: Person authorized by the aeronautical authority to perform functions essential to the operation of a UAV or SVANT and to operate the flight controls, as appropriate, during the time of flight.

Pilot-in-command: Remote pilot designated by the operator or owner to operate the controls of the SVANT or UAV and see to the performance sure of a flight.

Air navigation service provider: is the organizational entity in charge of the provision of the Public Air Navigation Service, as found defined in Law 27,161.

Vital sensors: device or set of devices that allow measuring the height and the distance at which the UAV or SVANT operates in order to maintain the flight within the operating limits set by the manufacturer.

Unmanned aerial vehicle system (UAVS): set of elements configurable integrated by an unmanned aerial vehicle, its stations related remote pilot, the necessary command and control links and any other element of the system that may be required at any point during the flight operation.

Aerial work: It is the commercial operation of aircraft in accordance with the provisions by article 92 of the Aeronautical Code and its complementary regulations and/or the regulations that in the future modify or replace them.

Transfer of control: Action of transferring control of the piloting of a station from remote pilot to another.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV): Aerial vehicle designed to fly without a pilot at board and piloted from a remote piloting station.

VFR: Acronym used to designate the Visual Flight Rules.

Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ): Designated airspace space of defined dimensions, within which aircraft must meet special identification and notification procedures, in addition to those that relate to the provision of Air Traffic Services (ATS).

Dangerous area: Airspace of defined dimensions in which they can deploy, at certain times, dangerous activities for the flight of the aircraft.

Prohibited zone: Air space of defined dimensions over the territory or jurisdictional waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft.

Restricted zone: Air space of defined dimensions over the territory or jurisdictional waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft, in accordance with certain specified conditions.

Zone free of UAVs or SVANTs (NO DRONE ZONE): Airspace within the which, by provision of the Aeronautical Authority, is prohibited the use of UAVs or SVANTs.

ARTICLE 2. – Application. – This regulation prescribes the requirements general terms of operation of the UAVs and SVANTs that operate in the territory of the REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA, its jurisdictional waters, the air space that covers and extraterritorial airspaces, when by agreements international agreements that said spaces are under the jurisdiction of our country.

The provisions of this regulation will be applicable in the indicated scope previously to:

a) Air operations carried out with unmanned aerial vehicles, whatever its constructive nature.

b) Any person who intends to operate unmanned aerial vehicles or systems of unmanned aerial vehicles.

c) Any human or legal person who is the owner of air vehicles not manned or unmanned aerial vehicle systems

d) Any human or legal person who intends or carries out the exploitation of unmanned aerial vehicles or unmanned aerial vehicle systems.

e) Any person who carries out the maintenance, operational configuration or repair of unmanned aerial vehicles or unmanned aerial vehicle systems fully manned or in each specific field.

f) Administrative procedures aimed at obtaining authorizations pertinent to operate, maintain, maintain or repair or design air vehicles unmanned or unmanned aerial vehicle systems or parts thereof.

ARTICLE 3. – Exclusions. They are exempt from the provisions of this regulation the unmanned aerial vehicles or systems of unmanned aerial vehicles affected the military forces, with the sole except for the rules relating to air traffic.

All other unmanned aerial vehicles or aerial vehicle systems manned vehicles of a public nature are governed by these regulations. Their operations must comply with the provisions of this regulation of conformity to the intended use of the UAV/SVANT. The strengths Armed Forces and Security Forces that plan to operate with UAVs or SVANTs within of controlled airspace, must enter into agreements with the Provider of Air Navigation Services, in order to establish the procedures coordination operations.

Model aircraft are, in principle, excluded from the rules established in this regulation. However, the aeronautical authority, after intervention of its competent technical areas and in the face of a specific case, you can equate the treatment of certain model aircraft to that of UAVs/SVANTs and apply the rules of this regulation, in those teams whose characteristics of autonomy, technical capacity and weight do not allow to establish obvious differences between both categories.

ARTICLE 4. – Unmanned aerial vehicles are classified, for the purposes of application of this regulation, according to the following categories:

A) According to the character:

1) Public: Unmanned aerial vehicles or vehicle systems unmanned aerial vehicles intended for the service of public power, including the military and security forces.

2) Private: Unmanned aerial vehicles or vehicle systems unmanned aerial vehicles not intended for the service of public power, although belong to the state.

B) According to the nature of its use:

1) Recreational: use of the UAV or SVANT for recreational purposes, pleasure, hobby or the like and as long as there is no intention of profit.

2) Commercial: operation of the UAV or SVANT in exchange for a consideration or for profit. The use of the UAV or SVANT to instruction is considered a commercial use but subject exclusively to the provisions of Part 141 of the Argentine Aviation Regulations Civil.

3) Scientific: use of the UAV or SVANT for research purposes, the conducting tests, corroboration of the technical capabilities of the vehicle, testing of new engines or equipment, or other activities for purely scientific or experimental purposes.

4) Safety: use of the UAV or SVANT for the purpose of preventing crimes or stop illegal acts in execution, which is exercised exclusively by federal or local security forces by virtue of the functions assigned in its constitutive regulations or in compliance with a mandate judicial.

5) Sports: use of the UAV or SVANT within the framework of an organized event by a human or legal person in order to exhibit the capacities of such devices, to demonstrate the skills of the participants or in a field in which the participants compete with each other, mediately or not mediate or immediate profit.

C) According to the weight:

1) CLASS A: up to FIVE HUNDRED (500) grams of MCTW.

2) CLASS B: between FIVE HUNDRED ONE (501) grams and up to FIVE (5) kilograms of MCTW.

3) CLASS C: between more than FIVE (5) kilograms and up to TWENTY-FIVE (25) kilograms of MCTW.

4) CLASS D: more than TWENTY-FIVE (25) kilograms and up to ONE HUNDRED FIFTY (150) kilograms of MCTW.

5) CLASS E: of more than ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY (150) kilograms of MCTW.

D) According to its technical characteristics:

1) Fixed wing.

2) Rotary wing.

3) Aerostats.

4) Captives

ARTICLE 5. – Special registration. – Every UAV or SVANT must be registered with prior to the start of operations in the National Registry of Aircraft of the ANAC, with the sole exception of Class A for recreational use.

The aeronautical authority will establish a special registration procedure for UAVs and SVANTs through Technical-Registration Provision that will be issued by the National Aircraft Registry, which will contemplate registration through a digital platform for VANTS Class B for recreational use.

ARTICLE 6. – Registration Obligation. – For all UAV or SVANT marketed by national suppliers, the registration process must be initiated by the buyer.

For any UAV or SVANT acquired abroad, the owner must accredit the beginning of the registration process before the National Registry of Aircraft, presenting the corresponding certificate before the customs authority at the time of entering the country or making the declaration at that time corresponding sworn before the customs authority and its subsequent registration before the aforementioned Registry.

UAVs and SVANTs of national manufacture built by individuals must be registered by their owners, after verification by the Aeronautical Authority which will determine, according to the information provided by the builder, the maximum certified takeoff weight of the UAV or UAVs for the purpose of its categorization.

The transfer or cancellation of the registration entry will be made in the manner in which prescribes the respective Technical Registration Provision.

ARTICLE 7. – Registrations of assignments or authorizations of use. – If the holder of the UAV or SVANT assigns or temporarily authorizes its use to a third party, said transfer or cession of use must be registered in the Registry National Aircraft to release the owner from the responsibilities inherent to the operator, which will be the exclusive responsibility of the other party.

ARTICLE 8. – Identification marks. – The UAV or SVANT and the station of remote pilot must bear inscribed the identification marks that provide the procedure established by the National Aircraft Registry.

The trademarks of the UAVs and SVANTs enabled for commercial, scientific, sports and safety will be of a color that allows clear identification.

ARTICLE 9. – Airworthiness Conditions. – The aeronautical authority will not require the accreditation of an airworthiness certificate to the user for the registration of UAVs or SVANTs Classes A, B, C and D, so it is understood that the device will be airworthy if it conforms to the specifications of the maker.

For the registration of UAVs and Class E SVANTs, the aeronautical authority verify that the device conforms to the corresponding approved design and may carry out the checks it deems necessary to confirm that it is in safe operating conditions.

ARTICLE 10. – Types of operations:

a) Line-of-sight operation (VLOS). Throughout the operation of a UAV or SVANT, the pilot in command and the observer(s) must maintain direct eye contact up to a maximum distance of 200 meters horizontal and without the assistance of another remote crew member to steer your flight safely, satisfying the responsibilities of separation and anti-collision.

b) Operation without direct visibility (BVLOS): The ANAC may authorize especially BVLOS operations in the cases of UAVs and SVANTs for use commercial, scientific, sports and security, if you consider that the operator has appropriate procedures provided for in its Operations Manual and has a hazard identification and risk management program to said type of operation, so that its execution is demonstrated within acceptable safety limits.

The general rule is to operate under VLOS standards and only exceptionally, prior authorization from the aeronautical authority, BVLOS operations will be allowed UAVs and SVANTs for commercial, scientific, sports and security use.

Operations using remote viewing (FPV) are considered operations BVLOS for the purposes of these regulations.

ARTICLE 11. – Operation in populated areas. – UAVs or SVANTs do not may operate on a crowd or agglomeration of people, except that, due to their technical characteristics, are specifically approved for said activity by the competent area of ​​the Aeronautical Authority.

NOTE. – considers agglomeration of people to: sporting events, events of public interest and all kinds of demonstrations or mass gatherings of people in public spaces, among others.

ARTICLE 12. – Operations in uncontrolled airspace. in space uncontrolled air, UAVs or SVANTs will be limited to operating up to a maximum height of ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY (120) meters (400 feet) above the level of the land, unless prior authorization has been obtained from the Service Provider of Air Navigation Services.

ARTICLE 13: Operations in controlled airspace. When it comes to controlled airspace, and within a radius of FIVE (5) kilometers counted from from runway thresholds, UAVs and SVANTs must not operate at more than FORTY-THREE (43) meters in height from the elevation plan of the threshold closest, not being able to be operated within the approach surfaces and takeoff climb established for each aerodrome. Whenever

operation above the mentioned height is unavoidable, the operator must request the respective authorization from the Air Navigation Services Provider in the case of an aerodrome where said services are provided, or the Head of Aerodrome in case said aerodrome does not have these services.

The Aeronautical Authority, in coordination with the service provider of air navigation, may enable corridors where they operate exclusively UAVs and SVANTs.

ARTICLE 14. – UAV and SVANT-free zone (NO DRONE ZONE). – The aeronautical authority may determine specific areas where it is not the operation of UAVs and SVANTs is allowed. The aeronautical authority may adopt the necessary measures to ensure compliance with said decision, being empowered to request the collaboration of the service provider of air navigation and the assistance of the security forces.

ARTICLE 15. – Limits of operations. – No UAV or SVANT must operate:

a) on the approach or take-off climb surface of any runway of an aerodrome or heliport; unless the operator is authorized advance notice from the air navigation service provider in the case of an aerodrome where said services are provided, or the Head of the Aerodrome in the event that said aerodrome does not have these services.

b) at a distance less than ONE (1) kilometer from the lateral limit of a corridor intended for Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operations, except that prior authorization has been obtained from the service provider air navigation.

c) at a distance less than FIVE HUNDRED (500) meters from the Reference Point of Helipad (HRP); Unless prior authorization has been obtained from the air navigation service provider.

NOTE: Information regarding the geographical coordinates of the HRP in the Manual of Aerodromes and Heliports (MADHEL) of the Republic Argentina.

d) in controlled airspaces, visual corridors and helicopter corridors, established in aeronautical information publications; except that special authorization has been previously obtained from the service provider air navigation.

e) in prohibited, restricted and/or dangerous areas, indicated in the publications aeronautical information.

f) in those airspaces that for reasons of public safety, humanitarian, natural disasters, events or areas are temporarily restricted or prohibited; except that, in the case of controlled airspace, prior authorization has been obtained from the Service Provider.

Air Navigation. In addition to the authorization mentioned, and in order to obtain authorization to operate according to the assumption provided for in this article, the applicant must obtain the corresponding authorization from the authority competent in the matter.

g) on ​​installations of Security Forces and Penitentiary Services, distilleries, flammable deposits, atomic and hydroelectric plants, power plants and facilities for the production or handling of flammable materials, explosive or radioactive.

NOTE. – In order to obtain authorization to operate according to the assumption provided for in this subsection, the applicant must manage the authorization before the competent authority due to the matter.

h) over military installations, nor at a lateral distance less than FIVE (5) kilometers from said facility.

NOTE. – In order to obtain authorization to operate according to the assumption provided for in this article, the applicant must manage the authorization before the competent authority due to the matter.

i) on points of strategic value determined by the State in accordance with the lateral limits to be established.

NOTE. – In order to obtain authorization to operate according to the assumption provided for in this article, the applicant must manage the authorization before the competent authority due to the matter.

j) on national parks, natural reserves or protected areas, except that there is express authorization from the National Parks Administration or another competent authority.

k) performing acrobatic maneuvers in non-segregated spaces.

l) in the activated Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ), without having the prior consent of the authority in charge of aerospace defense.

m) from a moving vehicle;

n) at night or in visual meteorological conditions that do not allow its safe operation.

o) with image sensors, magnetic prospecting or any other type, if are not subject to compliance with national regulations on the matter.

The Air Navigation Services Provider may authorize the operations carried out in controlled airspace when the petitioner founds properly your requirement, risk mitigation measures are adopted necessary to avoid accidents or incidents and whenever it is UAVs and SVANTs affected to commercial, scientific, sports or security use that have been authorized by the Aeronautical Authority to carry out such activities.

NOTE: the control and management of the airspace is a primary responsibility of the Air Navigation Services Provider, so it is the only organization competent to grant authorizations related to navigation within the framework of controlled airspace.

ARTICLE 16. – Right of way. – Every remote pilot of a UAV or SVANT will yield to aircraft including but not limited to a:

(a) airplanes;

(b) helicopters;

(c) sailplanes;

(d) ultralights;

(e) manned free balloons.

(f) unmanned free balloons.

ARTICLE 17. – Protection of personal data. – UAVs and SVANTs with capacity to carry out surveys with image sensors, prospecting magnetic or of any other type, are subject to compliance with the national data protection laws and regulations personal.

ARTICLE 18. – Autonomous operations. operations are prohibited UAVs and SVANTs that do not allow the pilot in command to intervene during any of the phases of the operation in order to direct its trajectory.

ARTICLE 19. – Simultaneous operation. Simultaneous operation of more than ONE (1) UAV by using the same piloting station at distance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the aeronautical authority may grant an exception on the matter in the case of SVANTs and UAVs affected by commercial use, in accordance with the provisions of article 35 of this regulation.

ARTICLE 20- Entry and exit by flight from the country. – UAVs and SVANTs do not may enter or exit the country by flight unless they have authorization of operation of the Aeronautical Authority of the States involved in the operation, in accordance with the laws, regulations and procedures of said states and provided that the operation is carried out for civil purposes. Transfer of Control operations between Stations Remote Pilots operated under different responsible states, shall comply with the procedures and certifications imposed by the ANAC in pursuit of ensure that such transfer does not impair the Command and Control Link (C2) necessary to ensure continuous control over the UAV and SVANTs.

ARTICLE 21. – Prohibition of deactivation of vital sensors.- It remains the deactivation of vital sensors of the UAVs and SVANTs in order to allow operations outside the original programming parameters. This prohibition does not apply to UAVs and SVANTs for sports use manufactured in series that are with said sensors deactivated in their original configuration.

ARTICLE 22. – Prohibition of interference and inhibition of signals. Remains Interference and inhibition of UAVs and SVANTs signals by third parties unrelated to the operation, except in the case of agents of the force public aerodrome in the exercise of its functions or the operator of a public aerodrome for the purpose of preventing operations in restricted areas.

ARTICLE 23. – Communications. – The UAVs and SVANTs, as regards to the use of the radio spectrum, they must comply with current regulations established by the competent authority in matters of radio communications.

ARTICLE 24. – Responsibility. – The operation of a UAV or SVANT will be responsibility of the pilot in command, the operator, the owner if it were a subject other than the operator and there will be no contract of transfer of use duly registered in the terms provided in article 7 of this and/or all those that carries it out or facilitates it, including liability for damages and damages that may be caused during and because of the execution of the operations including damage to goods and third parties on the surface.

ARTICLE 25. – Registration. Holders of UAVs and Class A SVANTs of recreational use are exempt from being registered with the National Registry of Aircraft.

Holders of UAVs and Class B SVANTs assigned to recreational use must carry out the electronic registration before the official digital platform established by the aviation authority.

The owners of UAVs and SVANTs of the types class C, class D and class E affected by this type of activities must make the respective registration, as established in Title II of this regulation.

ARTICLE 26. – Operating rules. Without prejudice to the application of the rules established in chapter 1 of this title, UAV operators and SVANTs affected to recreational use must operate only under the rules VLOS in uncontrolled airspace, not being able to carry out night flights or in Adverse weather conditions. The operator must operate the UAV avoiding obstacles that may interfere with the Command and Control Link of the device and may use the assistance of an observer to ensure the visual inspection of the artifact. Likewise, it is determined that the operation for recreational purposes may be carried out in segregated spaces that have the authorization of the respective boss or in charge of the aerodrome or the aeronautical authority.

In all cases, the operation must be carried out in a radius that is never less than THIRTY (30) meters horizontally and up to TEN (10) meters vertically regarding persons other than the remote crew.

ARTICLE 27. – Certificates of competency of the remote crew. The operators of UAVs and SVANTs affected to recreational use that are at the control of class A and class B air vehicles will not be required to hold a remote pilot competency certificate, while those who operate UAVs and SVANTs of the type class C, class D and class E for recreational purposes must have the authorizations established in the Title IV hereof.

Minors may only pilot UAVs and SVANTs class A and B of recreational use provided they are over 16 years of age and do so under the direct supervision of an adult, who will be considered, for the purposes of this regulation, the person in charge of the operation.

ARTICLE 28. – Insurance. – The operators of UAVs and SVANTs of the class type C, class D and class E used for recreational purposes are required to hire a liability insurance for damages that could be caused by its operation, which may not be less than that required in the general conditions determined by the Superintendence of Insurance of the Nation on the matter. The operators of UAVs and SVANTs of the class A type and the class B used for recreational purposes are exempt from contracting the insurance referred to in paragraph above, but they will be liable for the damages caused or caused during and by cause of the operation based on the general rules of liability.

ARTICLE 29. – Penalty system. remote pilots and operators of UAVs and SVANTs intended for recreational use that carry out business activities covertly or breach any of the rules registration or operations established in this regulation will be subject to the sanctions established in the regime of aeronautical infractions in force, as established in article 67 of these regulations.

ARTICLE 30. – Use and operation. The use and operation of UAV or SVANT for commercial purposes must be carried out in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

ARTICLE 31. – Operation for commercial purposes – Certification of UAV operator (CE-UAV).- Any UAV or SVANT operator that carry out activities related to those considered as aerial work or carry out cargo transportation, you must obtain the UAV Operator Certification (CE-VANT), which will identify the type of operations for which is enabled and the class of vehicle to use (Class A, B, C, D and E).

To obtain the aforementioned certification, the petitioner must complete the all the requirements established in this and/or in the regulations issued for this purpose.

The ANAC may order the granting of an operating authorization for operators that so require due to the unusual nature of the activity they intend to develop, and provided that they demonstrate that they will conduct the operations flight within the acceptable limits of operational safety.

ARTICLE 32.- Freight transport with UAVs and SVANTs.- UAVs or SVANT may carry out cargo transportation activities only when is expressly authorized by the aeronautical authority. To obtain the Authorization for the provision of freight transport services through UAVs or SVANTs, the user must previously obtain the respective certificate CE-UAV and will be subject to the following limitations:

a) Only use UAVs/SVANTs classes A, B and C.

b) Operate in uncontrolled airspace.

c) Do not operate on densely populated areas in the terms provided in the Article 11 of these regulations.

d) Operate in areas free of obstacles to navigation.

e) Do not operate the devices autonomously or simultaneously.

By virtue of the foregoing, the operator must submit the following additional documentation:

1) List of equipment to be used.

2) Demonstrate that the operation will be carried out within the limits operations established in this article and within the scope of the link of command and control (C2) during the operation of the devices.

3) Submit a risk analysis related to the operation you propose to carry out.

4) Accompany the list of remote pilots that will be used during the operation, which must have their respective current CMAs.

5) Prove that you have an insurance policy that covers the potential damages related to the operation in question, which should not be less than the coverage required in article 160 of the Aeronautical Code.

The aeronautical authority will intervene in its competent technical areas to analyze the proposal and carry out the inspections it deems pertinent and may reject the request if the points that demonstrate a safe operation.

The transport of people, animals and dangerous goods will not be authorized.

NOTE: the insurance policy required for cargo transportation with UAVs/SVANTs must comply with the requirements established in article 160 of the Code Aeronautical, while the policy for generic commercial activity with UAVs/SVANTs must comply with the general conditions determined by the Superintendence of Insurance of the Nation. The existence of a policy that covers the damage provided for in article 160 of the Aeronautical Code exempts the operator from submit any other coverage.

ARTICLE 33. – Operator Operations Manual and Management System of Risks. – Every operator of a UAV or SVANT for commercial use must prepare, for the purposes of obtaining the authorization referred to in article 30 of this regulation, an Operator Operations Manual, which must be accepted by the aeronautical authority after issuing the CE-UAV.

Likewise, they must have an adequate risk management system to operate, which includes the information and instructions necessary for its operation with safety and efficacy, which, at a minimum, must include the following:

1) takeoff and landing procedures;

2) en-route procedures;

3) procedures in case of loss of link with control data (data link);

4) procedures to abort in the event of a critical system failure;

5) procedures for evaluating the area of ​​operation;

6) procedures for the identification of potential risks and hazards and for their mitigation;

7) identification of those responsible for the operation and that of all the members of the remote crew (pilot/s and observer/s); and

8) requirements for remote pilot and observer qualification.

ARTICLE 34. – Authorization and special identification. all exploiter Before starting to operate, you must have the respective CE-VANT or the authorization of operation as appropriate, and the identifying mark visible to distance, provided for in article 8 of these regulations.

ARTICLE 35. – Simultaneous operations. – The aeronautical authority may granting an exceptional authorization to those operators who intend to carry out the simultaneous operation of more than ONE (1) UAV with the same remote piloting station, provided that the operator adopts the measures of mitigation of risks that the aeronautical authority deems reasonable and that the operation conforms to the conditions of use recommended by the manufacturer.

ARTICLE 36. – Insurance.- No operation will be authorized for unless the user proves to have insured the activity that states in your application and has a current insurance policy. The covers of risks must comply with the general conditions determined by the Superintendence of Insurance of the Nation on the matter.

ARTICLE 37. – Pre-flight obligations. – The operator of a UAV or SVANT must, before the start of each flight:

1) Verify that it is a duly registered UAV or SVANT.

2) Verify that the pilot has a remote pilot competency certificate and the current CMA.

3) Verify that the area selected for the operation has been inspected and allows the safe execution of the same within the limits of what regulated in this chapter.

4) Verify that you have the necessary authorizations for the execution of the operation, granted by the competent authority in each case.

5) Carry out an inspection of the UAV or SVANT through which you can determine that it is in a safe condition, including the availability fuel or battery charge commensurate with operation.

6) Verify that all established maintenance tasks have been completed by the manufacturer according to the corresponding manual.

7) Verify that there is no interference in other frequency bands that could affect operating conditions as planned.

8) Confirm the validity of the corresponding liability insurance.

ARTICLE 38. – Usual seat. – UAVs and SVANTs affected to use commercial will have their usual seat at the domicile declared by their owner at time of registration, in which all notifications will be valid and to which the audits that the aeronautical authority could carry out may be carried out.

However, the aeronautical authority may require the owner to present the equipment in his dependencies to exercise control over it.

ARTICLE 39. – Operation for scientific purposes. – The operations of UAVs and SVANTs for scientific purposes must be developed in segregated aerial zones, in uncontrolled airspace, outside densely populated areas or agglomeration of people and in accordance with the operational rules established in the Chapter 1 of this title.

ARTICLE 40. – Remote crew. The pilots in command of UAVs and SVANTs for scientific purposes they must have the authorizations established in the title IV hereof.

ARTICLE 41. – Insurance. Applicants must prove that they have an insurance whose risk coverage may not be less than the values ​​established by the Superintendence of Insurance of the Nation for this type of policy.

ARTICLE 42. – Authorization for UAVs and SVANTs for scientific use.- The aeronautical authority will issue an operating authorization for the UAVs or SVANTs for scientific use and may authorize, exceptionally, that the operation be develop outside the limits established in article 12 and 15 of the this regulation, provided that the necessary measures are adopted to mitigate risks.

ARTICLE 43. – Sports use operation. – The use of UAVs and SVANTs for sports purposes, it must be developed in segregated air zones, in uncontrolled airspace and within the vertical limits established in Chapter 1 of this title. The property where the activity takes place must have with all the necessary security measures to guarantee the physical integrity of the participants and the general public.

ARTICLE 44. – Remote crew. The pilots in command of UAVs and SVANTs

For security purposes, they must have the authorizations established in the Title IV hereof.

ARTICLE 45. – Insurance. The event organizer must have the respective insurance for sporting events in force, without prejudice to the policy compulsory insurance for the use of the UAV/SVANT that is part of the show.

ARTICLE 46. – Authorization for UAVs and SVANTs for sports use. The organizer of the event that must certify that it has a management system of risks that meets the requirements established in article 33 of this and obtain the respective operating authorization from the authority aeronautics prior to promoting or marketing the event. The authorization will be for each event and not of a general nature.

ARTICLE 47. – Operation for security functions.- In operations of UAVs and SVANTs whose use is security, the rules operations established in Chapter 1 of this title, unless the aeronautical authority exempts it by means of express authorization or that it is activities ordered by court order.

ARTICLE 48. – Remote crew. The pilots in command of UAVs and SVANTs

For security purposes, they must have the authorizations established in the Title IV hereof.

ARTICLE 49. – Insurance. The security forces that develop these operations in the exercise of their missions or in compliance with a court order. They must have an insurance policy that covers potential damages related to the operation in question, which should not be less than the coverage required in article 160 of the Aeronautical Code.

NOTE: As in the case of freight transport and considering the increased risk involved in this type of operation, insurance is required higher risk coverage.

ARTICLE 50. – Authorization for UAVs and SVANTs affected for purposes of security.- The organization requesting the operating authorization must prove the requirements established in article 33 hereof. The authority aeronautics will issue an operating authorization for UAVs or SVANTs assigned to security functions in favor of the petitioner. the remote crew and the UAVs/SVANTs must comply with the rest of the suitability requirements and maintenance provided in Titles IV and V hereof and its operations will be subject to the control of the aeronautical authority in the terms provided in Title VII of this regulation.

ARTICLE 51. – Every UAV or SVANT will be in charge of a remote pilot, who will be responsible for its operation. The crew in command of UAVs and SVANTs of Classes C, D and E for recreational use and of Classes A, B, C, D and E for commercial, scientific, sports and security purposes must obtain the respective remote pilot competency certificate provided for in this title to be able to operate them.

ARTICLE 52. – The holders of the certificates of pilot competence to distance and UAV and SVANT flight instructor must have a Current Aeronautical Medical Certification (CMA). Said certificates shall contain the type (fixed wing/rotary wing/aerostats/captive) and class (A, B, C, D and E) of UAV and SVANT for which the remote pilot or the instructor. Remote pilots or instructors who have a rating to UAVs or SVANTs of class E are considered authorized for the rest of the lessons.

The rest of the aeronautical suitability certificates do not confer aptitude required to the holder for the piloting of UAVs or SVANTs.

ARTICLE 53. – Any person holding a certificate of competence granted according to this title, it must be presented with its respective CMA, when so request an official of the ANAC in exercise of his functions, the representatives of the air navigation service provider or agents of the public force.

ARTICLE 54. – No person will be in command of a UAV or SVANT when:

1) suffers a decrease in their psychophysiological aptitude for the exercise of operation safely.

2) is under the influence of the consumption of alcoholic beverages or any other psychoactive substance that could affect your ability to perform the operation safely.

3) has a decrease in his abilities due to being fatigued, or if you consider that you could suffer the effects of fatigue during the operation that is ready to do.

ARTICLE 55. – Any person who intends to obtain a certificate of Competence as a remote pilot must meet the following requirements:

1. Be of legal age.
2. Be able to read, speak and understand the Spanish language.
3. Possess a Class 4 Aeronautical Medical Certification issued in accordance with established in Part 67 of the Argentine Civil Aviation Regulations.

NOTE: Any holder of a Class I, II or III Aeronautical Medical Certificate in validity, in accordance with the provisions of Part 67, Subpart A, Section 67.3 (a) of the Argentine Civil Aviation Regulations, may exercise powers of the Class IV, provided that it does not exceed the validity period of the issued class.

4. Approve the requirements established in the Recognized Training Program to obtain the Certificate of Competence as Pilot of Air Vehicles Unmanned according to the category and class as appropriate, in a Center of Civil Aeronautics Instruction (CIAC), authorized in accordance with the Regulations Civil Aviation Argentinas (RAAC) Part 141.
5. If the applicant obtains a grade lower than seventy-five percent (75%), may request a new instance thirty (30) days after the date of the previous examination, which must be accompanied by an affidavit signed by the person in charge of a Civil Aeronautics Instruction Center, from which arises who has received additional instruction.
6. Pass, before an inspector designated by the ANAC for this purpose, a practical test of expertise. This practical instance will consist of a demonstration regarding the execution of procedures and maneuvers within the capabilities and limitations UAV or SVANT operations and the application of theoretical knowledge. The practical test must be taken in the same Category (fixed wing / rotary wing / aerostat/ captive) and class (A/ B/ C/ D) of UAV or SVANT to which it intends to be enabled.

If an applicant does not pass or fails any of the maneuvers required during the practical instance, it will be considered disapproved, being able to request a reexamination within thirty (30) days of disapproval, which must be accompanied by a sworn statement signed by the person in charge of a Civil Aeronautics Training Center, from which it appears that he has received additional instruction.

ARTICLE 56. – The remote pilot competence certificate will maintain its valid as long as: a) it maintains its current CMA, and b) it is not reached for a disqualification as a result of a sanction.

ARTICLE 57. – The remote pilot competence certificate will allow perform and exercise their powers as such in the UAVs or SVANTs for the type (fixed wing/rotary wing/aerostats/captive) and the Class for which he has been qualified (Class A, B, C, D or E) and only under the conditions of operation described in Title III hereof.

ARTICLE 58. – Observer. Any person who intends to act as Observer must meet the following requirements:

1. Be of legal age;
2. Be able to read, speak and understand the Spanish language;
3. Be the holder of a remote pilot competency certificate, for that matter in which it acts in operations of UAVs and SVANTs of commercial, scientific, sports or security.

The observer, as a member of the remote crew, is co-responsible for the operation in which he intervenes jointly with the remote pilot in command of the UAV or SVANT. The observer must maintain constant communication during the entire operation with the remote pilot in command of the UAV or SVANT.

ARTICLE 59. – Any person who intends to obtain the certificate of competence to act as a flight instructor of said devices must meet the following requirements:

1. Be the holder of a remote pilot competency certificate and possess the CMA provided for in article 55 paragraph 3, of these regulations.
2. Be over 21 years of age.
3. Approve the requirements established in the theoretical-practical course of Instruction Recognized for Flight Instructor of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in a Civil Aeronautical Instruction Center (CIAC), enabled under Part 141 of the Argentine Civil Aviation Regulations (RAAC).

4. Pass a theoretical and practical exam before an ANAC inspector, who will assess whether the applicant has the skills required to act in the function of Flight Instructor beyond the skills that she already possesses as remote pilot.

If an applicant does not pass or fails any of the maneuvers required during the practical instance, it will be considered disapproved, being able to request a reexamination within thirty (30) days of disapproval, which must be accompanied by a sworn statement signed by the person in charge of a Civil Aeronautics Training Center, from which it appears that he has received additional instruction.

ARTICLE 60. – The UAV flight instructor competency certificate and SVANTs will be valid for TWO years from their granting provided that: a) keep your CMA current, and b) is not affected by a disqualification as a result of a penalty.

The flight instructors of said devices must renew their certificate of competition every TWO (2) years, for which they must pass a theoretical-practical exam before the aeronautical authority that allows to prove the validity of their knowledge and skill of flight.

ARTICLE 61. – The attributions of the certificate of competence of instructor of UAV or SVANT flight granted by the ANAC to its holder confer the power of giving practical and theoretical instruction to students in relation to aerial vehicles relative to the Class (A, B, C, D and E) and to the type of device (fixed wing/rotary wing/aerostat/captive) in which it is enabled.

The UAV or SVANT Instructor may only exercise its functions within the framework of a duly authorized CIAC.

ARTICLE 62. – Recognition of Authorizations for Remote Pilots Foreigners Foreign remote pilots who have an authorization or piloting license for UAVs, SVANTs, remotely piloted aircraft or similar issued by a foreign aeronautical authority corresponding to the type of SVANT or UAV that is intended to operate should not require the issuance of the remote pilot competency certificate described in this title for perform their duties as long as they are duly apostilled and translated into Spanish, which will be recognized as valid in the Argentinian republic.

If the country of origin of the applicant does not provide for the granting of an authorization or license to exercise remote pilot privileges or if said rating does not allow him to pilot a SVANTs / UAVs of the class (A/B/C/D/E) that you intend to use in the Argentine Republic, the user must obtain the respective certificate of competence according to the requirements established in these regulations or limited solely to operating UAVs and SVANTs Class A and B for recreational purposes. However, the aviation authority may grant an exceptional authorization temporarily limited for those foreign remote pilots who do not have authorization or license from their country of origin and intend to carry out operations of a in an isolated and unusual way in the Argentine Republic.

ARTICLE 63. – Every UAV and SVANT operator must ensure that the equipment involved in the operation is in working order safely.

ARTICLE 64. – Every UAV and SVANT operator must ensure that comply with the maintenance recommended by the Manufacturer.

ARTICLE 65. – The operator is responsible for the UAVs and SVANTs to be conform to the manufacturer’s specifications and are maintained in operate safely. Every operator of UAVs and SVANTs must guarantee the necessary maintenance to prove the airworthiness condition of the team, in accordance with the provisions of Article 9 of these regulations.

ARTICLE 66. – It is the responsibility of the operator and the pilot in command to notify to the nearest authority, by the quickest means available, any accident or incident in relation to a UAV or SVANT.

ARTICLE 67. – The ANAC will verify compliance with current regulations and will apply, in cases of breaches or infractions, Decree No. 2352/83 or the regime of aeronautical faults that in the future replaces it, all without prejudice civil and criminal liability that the offender may incur.

ARTICLE 68. – The aeronautical authority may require the assistance of force or request assistance from the air navigation service provider to prevent, stop or impede the operation of a UAV or SVANT that violates these regulations, the flight rules or that prima facie represents a danger to air operations and/or third party superficiaries.

ARTICLE 69. The aeronautical authority may require the owner of a UAV/SVANT that presents the equipment in its administrative facilities for exercise their supervisory functions. The breach of said obligation by part of the owner will be liable to sanction in the terms provided in article 67 of this regulation.

ARTICLE 70. – The aeronautical authority, through its digital platform, will inform users about the human and legal persons that have the respective CE-VANT to carry out commercial activity and the Service Centers Civil Aeronautics Instruction that dictate specific courses on UAVs and SVANTs.

ARTICLE 71. – The National Aircraft Registry Department of the Airworthiness Directorate dependent on the NATIONAL DIRECTORATE OF OPERATIONAL SECURITY of this ANAC will establish the way in which will reorder the UAV and SVANT Registry currently in force for its adaptation to the provisions of the present.

To this end, said Department is empowered to adopt the measures necessary, among which are the cancellation of those numbers registration cards belonging to vehicles that no longer require registration or that have been destroyed or alienated and the loss of those seats that are duplicated, and the interested parties must be notified of any modification made in this regard.

ARTICLE 72. – Those who have an authorization as a member of the remote crew issued under the regime of ANAC Resolution No. 527/15 may request the issuance of a remote pilot competency certificate, in which the class (A/B/C/D/E) and the type of equipment (fixed wing/wing rotary / aerostats / captive) that are authorized to operate.

If the records in this ANAC (examination records, files, inspection orders or the like) did not arise the kind of UAV or SVANTs that has been authorized to operate, a certificate will be issued with rating for rotary wing operation or, at the option of the interested party, may retake the theoretical-practical exam in order to obtain the qualification to operate with fixed wing, aerostat or captive.

ARTICLE 73. – The Personnel Licensing Directorate dependent on the NATIONAL DIRECTORATE OF OPERATIONAL SAFETY must approve the content and hours of all instruction programs and courses established in this regulation with a notice not less than THIRTY (30) administrative business days upon entry into force.

ARTICLE 74. – Those who have a CO-VANT authorization issued under the regime of ANAC Resolution No. 527/15 will have NINETY (90) days business days from the time this regulation comes into force to adapt to the requirements of these regulations and obtain the respective CE-VANT, all under penalty of automatically declaring the authorization.

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) Regulations & Policies

None found by the author.

However, should you, the reader, happen to stumble across something to the contrary, please email the author at FISHE5CA@erau.edu and you may be mentioned in the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS section of this book by way of thanks for contributing to this free eBook!

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