Glossary

A physiological reaction in response to perceived harmful events, which prepares the body to either confront or flee from the threat.

Those affected by the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, whose stories of overcoming trauma and finding new strength are emblematic of personal and communal resilience.

The ability to adjust to new conditions and environments.

The process of changing to be better suited for the environment or to effectively respond to new or stressful situations; the process by which individuals adjust to adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or significant sources of stress.

The overall impact resulting from the accumulation of various factors or experiences over time. In the context of adversity, it refers to the long-term impact of continuous exposure to challenging conditions.

The use of effective coping strategies that are well-suited to the nature of the stressor and the individual's circumstances, contributing to resilience and well-being.

Leaders who learn from experiences and are capable of applying these learnings in new and varied contexts.

A style of leadership that is flexible, responsive to changing conditions, and effective in guiding a community through crises and challenges.

The proactive ability of the brain to modify its neural pathways based on experiences, thereby preparing an individual to handle novel situations and challenges effectively.

The methods by which individuals or systems adjust to changes, stress, or adversity, typically leading to maintenance or improvement in functioning.

The evolutionary importance of certain traits or behaviors, in this case, the role of positive emotions in human development and psychological resilience.

The idea that resilience is a product of interconnected systems, both internal and external to the individual, that work together to foster positive adaptation.

A critical developmental period marked by social, biological, and psychological changes. This stage involves the transition from childhood to adulthood, with a focus on identity, autonomy, and belonging.

A life stage where resilience is often tested through various life transitions such as career changes, relationship dynamics, parenting, and aging.

A condition of hardship or afflictive circumstances. In resilience studies, adversity can refer to conditions such as family and relationship problems, health issues, or workplace and financial stressors.

A style of leadership characterized by flexibility, collaborative approach, and openness to feedback, crucial for guiding organizations through uncertain times.

The capability of an organization to move quickly and efficiently in response to changes and challenges.

A part of the brain involved in processing emotions, particularly those related to fear. It plays a significant role in triggering the body's response to stressful or threatening situations.

Substances that can prevent or slow damage to cells caused by free radicals, thereby improving physical and mental health.

A dimension of PTG where individuals experience a heightened sense of gratitude and value for life, often leading to a re-evaluation of priorities.

A part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for regulating involuntary body functions, such as blood flow and the heartbeat.

The act of sharing one's experiences, often traumatic or painful, as a means to foster healing and resilience, as demonstrated by Holocaust survivors.

A method that focuses on engaging individuals in activities to elicit positive emotions and outcomes, used in resilience building.

A mutual, two-way relationship where each element influences and is influenced by the other.

A technique that teaches control over involuntary physiological processes to improve health and performance, often used in stress management.

Aspects related to the body’s physiological and genetic makeup that can influence an individual’s resilience.

Biological indicators, such as hormone levels or brain activity patterns, that can reflect an individual’s response to stress and capacity for resilience.

The physiological capacity of the body to adapt to stress and adversity through biological systems like the immune system, autonomic nervous system, and neuroendocrine system.

The trust and cooperation among members of a community with shared experiences and characteristics. It's essential for internal community support.

A protein in the brain that supports the survival, growth, and differentiation of neurons. BDNF is crucial for long-term memory and plays a role in neural plasticity, which is the brain's ability to adapt and change over time.

The extension beyond homogeneous groups to include diverse segments of the community, fostering broader inclusivity and cooperation.

Proposed by Barbara Fredrickson, this theory suggests that positive emotions broaden an individual's awareness and encourage novel, varied, and exploratory thoughts and actions.

Plans developed by an organization to ensure minimal disruption and swift recovery from unforeseen circumstances.

A branch of psychiatry that specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders in children, adolescents, and their families.

The early stage of human development, where foundational aspects of resilience are shaped by factors like family environment, social connections, and temperament.

A prolonged or persistent response to emotional pressure suffered for a long period, often leading to adverse health effects.

Persistent pressures or challenges that can strain an individual’s capacity for resilience.

Part of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, it refers to the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the lifespan, as well as sociohistorical circumstances that affect an individual's development.

Long-term changes in global or regional climate patterns, often linked to increased rates of natural disasters, resource scarcity, and displacement.

Mental skills that are part of the brain's executive functions, including attention, memory, and problem-solving, which can affect resilience.

The personal interpretation of a situation that ultimately influences the stress response; positive emotions can modify cognitive appraisals to enhance coping strategies.

The brain's ability to switch between different tasks or thoughts and adapt to new information.

A strategy for changing the interpretation of a situation to alter its emotional impact.

A technique in CBT involving identifying and challenging irrational or negative thoughts to develop more effective coping strategies.

Psychological methods that emphasize modifying thought patterns and behaviors to foster resilience and psychological well-being.

A form of psychotherapy that focuses on identifying and modifying maladaptive thought patterns and appraisals. In resilience training, CBT aims to develop adaptive appraisal styles and coping strategies.

The act of forming a united whole within an organization, often in the context of team dynamics and organizational culture.

The action of working with someone to produce or create something, especially in a professional context.

Community-wide strategies and practices used to deal with common challenges and adversities.

The shared belief in a community’s ability to achieve desired results, such as overcoming adversity.

Societies that prioritize group goals over individual ones and often emphasize community and familial support in developing resilience.

The broader community and societal organization, including policies, norms, and physical environments, that influence access to resources, safety, and opportunities for positive social interactions, thereby affecting resilience.

The degree of social cohesion and interpersonal connections within a community, enhancing collective resilience.

The broader social and environmental setting in which an individual lives, including the presence of supportive adults outside the family, which can enhance resilience.

The physical and organizational structures, services, and facilities essential for the functioning of a community, such as healthcare, education, and economic systems.

Shared expectations and rules within a community that guide individual and collective behavior.

The ability of a group of people to recover from or adjust easily to adversity or change, involving shared networks, communication, and resources.

Metrics used to assess the strength and adaptability of communities in the face of external challenges.

A framework focused on understanding and enhancing human resilience, emphasizing the impact of community-level factors on individual and collective resilience.

The organized systems and frameworks within a community that provide support and resources to its members.

Initiatives designed to strengthen community bonds and provide support services, often aimed at enhancing resilience.

The process of creating or enhancing communal bonds, which can be a powerful mechanism for collective resilience in the aftermath of collective trauma.

A self-report tool developed by Kathryn M. Connor and Jonathan R.T. Davidson used to measure resilience.

Pertaining to or influenced by the situational aspects, such as cultural, societal, or environmental factors that can affect behavior and development.

The development of strategies and plans to ensure that an organization can continue its essential functions during and after a major disruption or crisis.

An ongoing effort to improve products, services, or processes over time.

A culture or practice within an organization that encourages ongoing development of skills and knowledge.

Techniques or strategies that individuals use to manage and adapt to challenging situations.

Techniques that people use to deal with stress, adversity, or trauma.

A framework for understanding stress developed by Stevan E. Hobfoll in 1989, which postulates that stress arises from the threat of loss, actual loss, or insufficient gain of resources after substantial investment.

A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, often in response to stress. While it has many functions, in the context of stress, cortisol helps the body respond effectively, but chronic elevation can be detrimental.

Healthcare workers and essential service providers who demonstrated resilience by continuing to serve their communities under conditions of extreme stress and risk during the global COVID-19 pandemic.

Systems and procedures put in place by an organization to effectively deal with unexpected and disruptive events.

Shared ideas within a culture that influence how individuals interpret experiences and challenges.

The sense of belonging to a specific cultural group, characterized by shared customs, traditions, and values.

The shared beliefs, practices, and ethical standards of a cultural group that influence how individuals perceive and respond to adversity, thereby impacting resilience.

The recognition and respect of differences in cultures and the tailoring of practices and interventions to meet the cultural needs of individuals or groups.

The overall impact resulting from the accumulation of various factors or experiences over time. In the context of adversity, it refers to the long-term impact of continuous exposure to challenging conditions.

The overall impact resulting from the accumulation of various factors or experiences over time. In the context of adversity, it refers to the long-term impact of continuous exposure to challenging conditions.

The aggregate impact that arises from the accumulation of various risk factors, leading to potential negative developmental outcomes.

A perspective in research and practice that focuses on weaknesses or problems to be fixed.

A branch of psychology that studies the psychological changes that occur throughout a person's lifespan.

The variance in stress experiences among different populations, explained by the COR theory as a function of pre-existing resource levels.

Access to digital technology in a community, essential for maintaining communication, information access, and continuing activities remotely during crises.

The inclusion of individuals with a wide range of characteristics and backgrounds, such as race, gender, age, etc., in an organization.

A neurotransmitter associated with motivation, pleasure, and reward-seeking behaviors.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition – Text Revision, published by the American Psychiatric Association. It provides a standard classification of mental disorders.

In the context of resilience, refers to the ongoing and changing nature of how individuals and communities adapt to stressors and adversity over time.

A framework introduced by Urie Bronfenbrenner that emphasizes the multilayered effects of different environmental systems on individual development.

The mix of industries and economic activities in a community, which leads to more resilient urban communities by allowing for resource and skill sharing.

The ability of a community's economy to recover from shocks, involving aspects of transformation and adaptation, like shifting to digital platforms or modifying business models.

Financial and material assets available within a community that contribute to its ability to respond to and recover from adversities.

A key factor in building resilient communities, characterized by diverse and robust economic structures that help withstand and recover from shocks.

The exchange of information in a way that is clear, direct, and enhances mutual understanding among stakeholders.

Within the context of PsyCap, it relates to an individual's belief in their capacity to execute tasks successfully.

The ability of a substance to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed.

A coping strategy that involves managing emotional responses to a stressor, particularly suited to situations appraised as uncontrollable.

The ability to adjust one's emotional responses or feelings according to the demands of different situations. This flexibility is an important aspect of resilience.

The ability to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions and those of others. It is a multifaceted construct that plays a key role in resilience.

The process of returning to a baseline of well-being after stress or adversity, which can be facilitated by positive emotions according to the Broaden-and-Build theory.

The ability to manage and respond to an emotional experience in an appropriate manner.

The ability to understand and share the feelings of others. In EI, empathy contributes to stronger social connections and support networks, both of which are vital for resilience.

The investment in training and developing employees to enhance their skills and capabilities, enabling them to better adapt to new challenges and changes.

Brain system regulating pain and pleasure, influencing coping mechanisms during adversity.

Neurochemicals produced in the brain that reduce pain and boost pleasure, resulting in feelings of well-being.

The deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources, destruction of ecosystems, and decline in environmental quality.

Differences in access to environmental resources and exposure to environmental stressors, often influenced by socio-economic status.

Factors in one's surroundings, both physical and social, that affect an individual's or community's resilience.

The beneficial roles that emotions have played in the survival and development of humans, particularly how positive emotions have helped adapt to changing environments and challenges.

A set of cognitive processes that include working memory, flexible thinking, and self-control, crucial for managing thoughts, actions, and emotions.

A layer in Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory referring to the broader social system that influences an individual's immediate context but does not directly contain the individual.

Balancing the pursuit of new opportunities (exploration) with the optimization of existing resources and competencies (exploitation).

Networks and resources outside of the family, such as mentors, teachers, or peers, that provide support and assistance.

The bond or closeness among family members.

The patterns of interaction and relationships within a family unit that affect an individual's development. These systems can play a critical role in shaping a person's adaptive capacities and resilience.

The concept that an individual’s genetics may influence the likelihood of encountering certain environments that could impact their development and behaviors.

The complex interactions between genetic predispositions and environmental factors that influence individual outcomes.

The inherited genetic patterns that influence the likelihood of developing certain traits or disorders.

The processes, policies, and structures by which a community is directed, controlled, and coordinated, especially during times of crisis.

A positive psychology practice of recording things one is grateful for, contributing to resilience.

Natural areas within urban settings, such as parks and community gardens, that provide opportunities for relaxation and social interaction.

The quality of being sturdy and robust, often used in materials science to describe a substance's ability to withstand stressful conditions.

The structure and capability of healthcare systems within a community, crucial for responding to health crises like pandemics.

A region of the brain associated with learning, memory, and emotion regulation. Chronic stress can negatively impact the hippocampus, potentially leading to memory problems and mood disorders.

The recognition of the impact of research findings within the context of the prevailing beliefs and theories of the time, as with Werner's research challenging the deterministic views of child development.

Individuals who endured extreme trauma during World War II and later reconstructed their lives, serving as profound examples of resilience through community support and personal fortitude.

As a component of PsyCap, hope refers to the motivational state based on an interactively derived sense of successful agency (goal-directed energy) and pathways (planning to meet goals).

The state of living environments, including factors like overcrowding, noise levels, and overall stability, which can impact an individual’s resilience.

A complex set of interactions between the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands. This system plays a key role in the body's response to stress.

The body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders.

The practice of ensuring that people feel valued and integrated within an organization, irrespective of their differences.

Ensuring that resilience-building efforts benefit all segments of the community, especially focusing on the needs of vulnerable populations.

An intervention program designed to enhance parenting skills and family dynamics, thereby promoting resilience in young children.

Characteristics or features of an individual, such as intelligence and coping skills, that contribute to their ability to deal with life's challenges.

Personal attributes and skills that allow someone to withstand or bounce back from difficult situations.

Cultures that value personal independence and self-reliance, focusing on personal agency and self-efficacy as key factors in resilience.

An individual's natural capacity to adapt and survive in the face of adversity, as observed in cases like Victor of Aveyron.

The process of translating ideas into goods or services that create value and contribute to organizational resilience.

The encouragement of new and imaginative ideas and approaches within an organization, often involving a safe space for experimentation and the rewarding of innovative ideas.

Abilities like communication and empathy that contribute to building and maintaining supportive relationships for resilience.

Actions or programs designed to alter the course of events, particularly to prevent or ameliorate risk factors or to enhance protective factors.

A seminal study led by Emmy Werner on the Hawaiian island of Kauai that followed the lives of children from birth into adulthood to understand resilience in the face of adversity.

The act of guiding and directing an organization or a team within an organization.

Organizational activities aimed at enhancing the skills, knowledge, and competencies of employees.

Distinct phases in human development, each characterized by unique challenges and opportunities. In this context, the primary stages are childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

A network of brain structures crucial for regulating emotions, forming memories, and governing behaviors.

Research studies that observe the same subjects over a period of time, often used to track changes such as the development of resilience.

Resilience influenced by external factors, including family, community, and societal resources and structures.

In the Ecological Systems Theory, it represents the broader cultural context, including societal and cultural norms, beliefs, and values.

An adjustment or response to conditions in a way that is not effective or may be harmful.

Something that can be shaped or influenced over time; in the context of resilience, it implies that resilience can be developed and strengthened.

Groups that are more susceptible to resource loss and stress according to the COR theory, often due to lower socioeconomic status.

A state of well-being in which an individual realizes their own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, work productively, and contribute to their community.

Part of the Ecological Systems Theory, encompassing the interactions between the different immediate environments of the individual, like family and school.

Resilience that involves individual characteristics and behaviors that facilitate adaptation to adversity.

The closest layer to the individual in the Ecological Systems Theory, consisting of environments like family and school where direct interactions take place.

A practice of maintaining a moment-by-moment awareness of thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and the surrounding environment with an attitude of openness, curiosity, and non-judgment.

A therapeutic approach combining mindfulness practices with cognitive therapy to prevent relapse in depression.

A structured program developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn to reduce stress and anxiety through mindfulness meditation and practices.

Research methods that involve combining qualitative and quantitative research techniques to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a topic.

A facet of EI that involves using emotions to pursue goals and persevere in the face of adversity. It is characterized by high levels of intrinsic motivation and is particularly relevant for long-term resilience.

The ability of the brain to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. This adaptability is essential for learning, memory, and recovery from injury.

The study of the nervous system's cellular and molecular biology, especially concerning the brain and its influence on behavior and cognitive functions.

How neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system, influence resilience by affecting behaviors, moods, and cognitive processes.

The mechanism by which the hypothalamus maintains homeostasis, regulating reproduction, metabolism, eating and drinking behavior, energy utilization, osmolarity, and blood pressure.

The formation of new neurons, primarily in the hippocampus, influencing cognitive flexibility and emotional responses.

A field of study that investigates the structure and function of the nervous system, including the brain; relevant to understanding how adversity impacts brain development and how resilience factors can counteract these effects.

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses from one neuron to another. They play a crucial role in determining mood, emotions, and other psychological processes.

In PTG, this refers to the opening up of new opportunities or life paths as a result of experiencing and overcoming trauma.

An approach in mindfulness where individuals acknowledge their experiences without labeling them as good or bad, or overly identifying with them.

A neurotransmitter involved in alertness, attention, and stress response.

An emerging field focusing on the use of food and diet as a key component in the treatment of mental health issues.

Essential fats found in food, important for brain health, and associated with reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety.

The practice of maintaining transparent, clear, and consistent communication within an organization.

As part of PsyCap, optimism is the generalized expectation that good things will happen and goals can be achieved.

A concept introduced by Ann Masten suggesting that resilience arises from normal developmental processes and common protective factors rather than rare or extraordinary ones

The collective values, beliefs, and behaviors that shape how an organization's members interact and handle business operations.

An organization's ability to foresee, adapt, and respond to change and disruptions to survive and prosper.

A level of stress that surpasses an individual's usual ability to cope, necessitating the activation or development of resilience strategies.

Approaches to child-rearing that influence a child's development, including aspects of support, control, and communication.

The scientific study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences.

A mechanism allowing the brain to distinguish between similar experiences or memories.

A resilience training program offering practical skills to enhance resilience across various populations.

Activities or programs aimed at improving an individual’s talents, potential, employability, and ability to realize dreams and create personal goals.

According to Fredrickson, the physical, intellectual, psychological, or social assets that are built up through the broadening effect of positive emotions.

A key area of PTG where individuals discover unexpected inner resilience and capability to handle life challenges, fostered by surviving trauma.

Core beliefs or standards that guide individuals' actions and decisions, contributing to resilience by providing a stable foundation in times of upheaval.

Characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character, which can influence their resilience.

The natural and built spaces in which people live and interact, including urban areas, parks, housing, and neighborhoods.

The state of physical well-being where the body functions optimally, free from disease, and able to perform daily activities without limitation.

The ability of an individual to maintain or regain mental health despite experiencing adversity.

A sub-discipline of psychology that focuses on the positive aspects of human life, such as happiness, well-being, and resilience.

Techniques focusing on cultivating positive emotions, behaviors, and cognitions to enhance individual strengths and resilience.

A cognitive process where individuals reinterpret a distressing situation in a more positive or meaningful way, contributing to enhanced emotional well-being and resilience.

Relationships characterized by warmth, care, and support, which are deemed essential for fostering resilience in children and adolescents facing adversity.

Engaging in activities that are challenging yet provide opportunities for growth, particularly important during adolescence.

The process of healing and rebuilding following traumatic events, both at individual and community levels.

Positive psychological change experienced as a result of struggling with highly challenging life circumstances, often facilitated by adaptive cognitive appraisal and coping.

A positive psychological change experienced as a result of struggling with highly challenging life circumstances, leading to a more complex and fulfilling state of being.

A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event, characterized by severe anxiety, flashbacks, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event.

The front part of the frontal lobe, this brain region is involved in executive functions such as decision-making, planning, and moderating social behavior. It also plays a role in modulating emotional responses from the amygdala.

The practice of focusing one's attention on the present experience, rather than being preoccupied with past events or future concerns.

An initial assessment of an event to determine its significance as irrelevant, beneficial, or stressful. This judgment is crucial in resilience for determining if an event is perceived as a threat or a challenge.

Actively addressing problems and seeking solutions rather than avoiding or ignoring them.

Actions taken to prevent stress by safeguarding resources, as suggested by the implications of the COR theory.

A coping strategy that involves tackling a stressor directly, typically used when the stressor is appraised as controllable. It is effective in managing the stressor and fostering resilience.

Conditions or attributes in individuals, families, communities, or the larger society that help people deal more effectively with stressful events and mitigate or eliminate risk.

Processes or functions that increase an individual's capacity to avoid negative outcomes in the presence of risk factors.

A construct composed of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism that represents an individual's positive psychological state of development.

Disorders of psychological function sufficiently severe to require treatment by a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist.

A general term that describes unpleasant feelings or emotions that impact one’s level of functioning.

Behavioral or emotional indicators that can provide information about an individual’s psychological state and resilience.

The capacity of an individual to maintain or regain psychological well-being in the face of adversity, challenge, or threat.

The overall mental health and emotional state of an individual.

A broad concept encompassing emotional health, life satisfaction, sense of purpose, and the ability to manage stress.

Descriptive information that provides context and depth to quantitative findings, often gathered through methods like interviews or observations.

Numerical information that can be measured and analyzed statistically.

The restoration of friendly relations, which is an essential aspect of healing and resilience in post-conflict societies.

A PTG dimension that involves deepening bonds with others, marked by increased compassion, empathy, and connection, especially with those who have faced similar challenges or provided support.

Techniques that help reduce muscle tension and induce a state of calm, used to manage stress and improve resilience.

The process and outcome of successfully adapting to challenging or threatening experiences, especially through mental, emotional, and physical resistance or elasticity.

A conceptual framework suggesting that resilience is a fluid process involving an ongoing interplay of factors rather than a static trait or outcome.

The process of evaluating the degree to which individuals or groups are able to cope with and adapt to adversity.

An assessment tool developed by Odin Hjemdal and others to measure protective factors that contribute to resilience in adults.

Structured programs incorporating elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and emotional regulation to build resilience skills.

The physical design of the environment that is adaptable, sustainable, and conducive to fostering community ties, including green spaces, sustainable infrastructure, and resilient housing.

The allocation of personal resources with the anticipation of future resource gain, a concept in COR theory that explains how failure to realize expected returns can cause stress.

The concept in COR theory that suggests initial resource loss or gain can lead to subsequent and amplified loss or gain, affecting the individual's stress levels and overall well-being.

conditions or attributes that increase the likelihood of a negative developmental outcome (Masten, 2001), that can emerge from various domains including individual (e.g., genetic vulnerabilities), family (e.g., dysfunctional relationships), and environmental contexts (e.g., socio-economic disadvantages)

The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling threats to an organization's capital and earnings.

The act of thinking deeply about something; in the context of PTG, it involves reflective and often intrusive thought processes that help in reconstructing one’s understanding of the world.

Individuals who experienced extreme trauma during the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, whose processes of forgiveness, reconciliation, and community-building are illustrative of collective resilience.

A strategic planning method used to make flexible long-term plans based on varying plausible future scenarios.

Educational programs aimed at enhancing resilience among students, often by promoting a supportive school climate and connectedness.

The evaluation of one's resources and options for coping with a stressor. It involves considering control over the situation and strategies to manage it, influencing perceived self-efficacy and capability.

Emotional bonds characterized by a sense of safety and security, important for developing resilience.

A metaphor for a significant, life-altering event or trauma that disrupts core beliefs and assumptions, initiating the process of PTG.

A component of EI involving the recognition of one's own emotions and understanding their impact on thoughts and behavior. It is crucial for identifying and addressing emotional responses, particularly in stressful situations.

The idea or mental image one has of oneself and one's strengths, weaknesses, status, etc.

One’s belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

The ability to manage one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors effectively in different situations, which is crucial for adapting to adversity and stress.

A neurotransmitter involved in mood, anxiety, and aggression regulation. Imbalances can affect mental health and resilience.

Departments or groups within an organization that work in isolation from others.

Practices and habits that are conducive to sleeping well on a regular basis, important for maintaining resilience.

Networks of relationships among people in a society that enable it to function effectively. It's vital for community resilience and is divided into bonding and bridging forms.

The degree to which individuals or groups have and perceive a desirable number, quality, and diversity of relationships that create a sense of belonging and being cared for.

The relationships and bonds that individuals form with others, which can serve as a crucial resilience factor, especially after traumatic events.

Factors within societal structures, relationships, and norms that influence an individual's capacity for resilience. These determinants explore how the social environment can foster or hinder resilience.

The social context in which an individual or community exists, encompassing family dynamics, community relationships, and broader societal structures.

Policies designed to address public issues and promote welfare through various forms of assistance and services.

A component of EI relating to effectively managing relationships, inspiring others, and inducing positive responses in social interactions. Strong social skills are essential for effective communication, conflict resolution, and leveraging social support in adversity.

Assistance and comfort received from friends, family, and community, which can bolster resilience.

Interpersonal relationships that provide emotional and cognitive resources, identified as protective factors against the effects of stress.

Measurements that reflect the ability of larger social systems to withstand and recover from adversities.

Social and economic conditions that influence an individual's or community's status and access to resources.

The ability to recover from or adjust to change and adversity within the context of social and cultural structures.

The social and economic standing of an individual or family, often based on income, education, and occupation. SES is a critical factor affecting exposure to stressors and opportunities for resilience.

A transformation or deepening of personal spiritual beliefs and perspectives, often experienced as part of PTG.

The development and maintenance of strong relationships with parties who have an interest in the organization, such as suppliers, customers, and the community.

The concept that exposure to moderate levels of risk can actually strengthen resilience, preparing the individual for future challenges.

An approach that focuses on the inherent strengths and capabilities of individuals or communities and builds upon these to foster positive outcomes.

A state of mental or emotional strain resulting from challenging or adverse situations. Physiologically, stress activates the body's "fight or flight" response, releasing hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.

Techniques and practices aimed at controlling a person's levels of stress, especially chronic stress, typically for the purpose of improving everyday functioning.

A physical or psychological reaction to perceived threats or challenges, often initiated by primary appraisal in the context of resilience.

A type of caregiving that provides emotional and social support, essential for fostering resilience in children.

An organizational culture that fosters trust, encourages mutual support among employees, and values diverse perspectives, thereby empowering employees during times of stress and change.

A workplace that provides support and resources to its employees, fostering a sense of well-being and inclusion.

A mutually beneficial relationship between two parties, such as between individual and organizational resilience.

A junction between two nerve cells where neurotransmitters are released to allow signals to pass from neurons to other cells.

Changes in the strength of synapses, believed to be the basis for learning and memory.

Strategies designed to address specific needs or challenges, such as enhancing resilience in particular groups or communities.

The innate personality traits of an individual, such as activity level, emotional reactivity, and sociability, which can influence their resilience.

The use of practices (such as mindfulness) in a therapeutic setting to address various mental health issues.

The range of actions that thoughts can lead to; the Broaden-and-Build theory suggests that positive emotions expand this repertoire.

Refers to deeply distressing or disturbing experiences leading to significant emotional, psychological, and sometimes physical distress. Includes a range of experiences from personal tragedies to large-scale events like natural disasters or terrorism.

A lack of certainty about the future or about the potential outcomes of events, which can challenge resilience but also spur its development.

The planning and design of urban spaces, focusing on aspects like social interaction, safety, and accessibility.

Assets, characteristics, or energies that individuals cherish or that aid in achieving cherished outcomes, central to the concept of stress in COR theory.

A historical case of a feral child found in France, providing early insights into innate resilience and adaptability despite severe deprivation during developmental years.

The ability to think about or plan the future with imagination or wisdom, particularly relating to the strategic direction of an organization.

Groups within a community that face disproportionate risks and may have fewer resources to cope with and recover from adverse events, such as the elderly, low-income groups, and minorities.

The equilibrium between personal life and career work, ensuring neither overwhelms the other.

The ability of employees to adapt to and recover from stress, adversity, trauma, or tragedy in their professional environment.